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Shloka 3

Karma, Preta-gati, and the Continuity of Phala

Mārkaṇḍeya’s Instruction

स धर्मराजमालक्ष्य भ्राता भ्रातरमग्रजम्‌ । कथयामास तत्‌ सर्व ग्रहणादि विचेष्टितम्‌,“कुन्तीनन्दन! तुम कैसे इस विपत्तिमें फँस गये? और यह पर्वतके समान लम्बा-चौड़ा श्रेष्ठ नाग कौन है?' अपने बड़े भ्राता धर्मराज युधिष्ठिरको वहाँ उपस्थित देख भाई भीमसेनने अपने पकड़े जाने आदिकी सारी चेष्टाएँ कह सुनायीं

sa dharmarājam ālakṣya bhrātā bhrātaram agrajam | kathayāmāsa tat sarvaṁ grahaṇādi viceṣṭitam ||

فلما لمح بهِيما دهرماراجا يودهيشثيرا، أخاه الأكبر، دنا منه وروى له كل ما حدث—ابتداءً من أَسْره—مبيّنًا مجرى الوقائع الغريب. وبهذا تُدرَج الحادثة في إطارها الأخلاقي: مسؤولية المرء تجاه إخوته، وواجب الإخبار بالحق في ساعة الشدة.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मराजम्Dharmaraja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
धर्मराजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मराज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आलक्ष्यhaving noticed/seen
आलक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-लक्ष्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral as gerund)
भ्राताthe brother
भ्राता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भ्रातरम्to (his) brother
भ्रातरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अग्रजम्elder
अग्रजम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअग्रज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कथयामासtold/related
कथयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootकथय्
Formलिट् (periphrastic perfect), Perfect (narrative past), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्वम्all, entire
सर्वम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ग्रहणादिcapture and the like (etc.)
ग्रहणादि:
TypeNoun
Rootग्रहण + आदि
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विचेष्टितम्actions/behavior (what happened)
विचेष्टितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवि-चेष्टित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle used as noun)

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
B
Bhīmasena
K
Kuntīnandana (son of Kuntī)
N
Nāga (serpent)

Educational Q&A

In a moment of danger, dharma expresses itself through clarity and accountability: the younger brother reports the facts to the elder (the dharma-king), enabling right action. The verse highlights truthful communication and fraternal responsibility as ethical necessities in crisis.

Vaiśampāyana narrates that Bhīma, upon seeing Yudhiṣṭhira present, tells him the entire sequence of events—starting from his being seized—while implicitly questioning how Yudhiṣṭhira has come into this predicament and identifying the formidable serpent involved.