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Shloka 16

इन्द्रस्य दुःखप्राप्तिः—त्रिशिरोवधः, वृत्रोत्पत्तिः, जृम्भिकाजननम्

Indra’s Distress: Slaying of Triśiras, Birth of Vṛtra, and the Origin of Yawning

नित्यं संदर्शयामासुस्तथैवाड्रेषु सौष्ठवम्‌ । नाभ्यगच्छत्‌ प्रहर्ष ता: स पश्यन्‌ सुमहातपा:

nityaṃ saṃdarśayāmāsus tathaivāḍreṣu sauṣṭhavam | nābhyagacchat praharṣa tāḥ sa paśyan sumahātapāḥ ||

كنَّ يُظهرن على الدوام ذلك الحُسنَ بعينه، حتى في مواطن الشدّة. ومع أنه كان يراهن، لم يطرأ على ذلك الناسكِ الجليل، عظيمِ التَّقشّف، أدنى نشوةِ فرح؛ بل بقيَ باطنُه ساكنًا لا يتزعزع.

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
संदर्शयामासुःthey showed / caused to be seen
संदर्शयामासुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+दृश्
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद), perfect (narrative past), 3, plural
तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अद्रेषुon/among the mountains
अद्रेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि
Formmasculine, locative, plural
सौष्ठवम्beauty, excellence
सौष्ठवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौष्ठव
Formneuter, accusative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभ्यगच्छत्attained, came to (experienced)
अभ्यगच्छत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि+गम्
Formलङ् (परस्मैपद), imperfect (past), 3, singular
प्रहर्षम्joy, exhilaration
प्रहर्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रहर्ष
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
ताःthem (f.)
ताः:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formfeminine, accusative, plural
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पश्यन्seeing
पश्यन्:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
Formशतृ (present active participle), masculine, nominative, singular
सुमहातपाःof very great austerity (very ascetic)
सुमहातपाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमहातप
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

शल्य उवाच

शल्य (Śalya)
सुमहातपा (a great ascetic; unnamed)

Educational Q&A

True austerity and ethical steadiness are shown by remaining unshaken by displays meant to provoke pleasure or excitement; inner discipline is measured by non-reactivity to temptation.

Śalya describes a situation where certain people repeatedly present excellence or pleasing displays even in adverse circumstances, but the great ascetic who observes them does not feel exhilaration—highlighting his restraint and detachment.