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Shloka 18

Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Inquiry and Sañjaya’s Etymologies of Kṛṣṇa’s Names

Puruṣottama-nāma-nirvacana

इन्द्रियाणामुदीर्णानां कामत्यागो<5प्रमादत: । अप्रमादो<5विहिंसा च ज्ञानयोनिरसंशयम्‌,विषयोंकी ओर दौड़नेवाली इन्द्रियोंकी भोग-कामनाओंका पूर्ण सावधानीके साथ त्याग कर देना, प्रमादसे दूर रहना तथा किसी भी प्राणीकी हिंसा न करना--ये तीन निश्चय ही तत्त्वज्ञानकी उत्पत्तिमें कारण हैं

indriyāṇām udīrṇānāṁ kāmatyāgo 'pramādataḥ | apramādo 'vihiṁsā ca jñānayonir asaṁśayam ||

قال سَنْجَيا: «حين تندفع الحواس إلى الخارج نحو موضوعاتها، فإن ترك الشهوة بيقظةٍ حذرة، والبعد عن الغفلة، والامتناع عن إيذاء أي كائن حي—هذه الثلاثة، بلا ريب، تصير المنبع الذي تنشأ منه المعرفة الحقّة.»

इन्द्रियाणाम्of the senses
इन्द्रियाणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
उदीर्णानाम्of (those) impelled/roused (i.e., rushing forth)
उदीर्णानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउदीर्ण (उद्-√ईर्/ईर्ण)
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
कामत्यागःabandonment of desire (sense-enjoyment craving)
कामत्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाम-त्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अप्रमादतःwith vigilance / carefully
अप्रमादतः:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअप्रमाद
FormAblatival adverb (-tas)
अप्रमादःvigilance, non-negligence
अप्रमादः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्रमाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormConjunction
ज्ञानयोनिःsource/cause of knowledge
ज्ञानयोनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान-योनि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
असंशयम्undoubtedly
असंशयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअसंशय
FormAdverb (accusative used adverbially)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

True knowledge arises from three disciplines: (1) renouncing desire when the senses surge toward objects, (2) maintaining constant vigilance (apramāda), and (3) practicing non-harm (avihiṁsā).

In Udyoga Parva, as the great conflict approaches, Sañjaya reports teachings that emphasize inner restraint and ethical conduct—presenting self-mastery and non-violence as foundations for right understanding amid impending war.