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Shloka 29

अध्याय ३९: विदुरेण धृतराष्ट्राय नीत्युपदेशः

Timely Counsel, Association, and Kin-Duty

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यैष धर्मस्तवोक्तो हेतुं चानुब्रुवतो मे निबोध । क्षात्राद्‌ धर्माद्धीयते पाण्डुपुत्र- स्तं त्वं राजन्‌ राजधर्मे नियुड्धक्ष्य,महाराज! आपसे यह मैंने चारों वर्णोका धर्म बताया है; इसे बतानेका कारण भी सुनिये। आपके कारण पाण्डुनन्दन युधिष्ठिर क्षत्रियधर्मसे गिर रहे हैं, अत: आप उन्हें पुनः राजधर्ममें नियुक्त कीजिये

cāturvarṇyasya eṣa dharmas tavokto hetuṃ cānubruvato me nibodha | kṣātrād dharmād dhīyate pāṇḍuputras taṃ tvaṃ rājan rājadharme niyuṅkṣva ||

قال فيدورا: «لقد بيّنتُ لكَ دَهرما الطبقات الأربع؛ فاعلم الآن أيضًا سبب قولي. بسببك ينحرف ابن باندو—يودهيشثيرا—عن شريعة الكشَتْرِيّة. لذلك، أيها الملك، أَعِدْه إلى واجبات المُلك وإلى ناموس الحكم.»

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यof the fourfold varna-system
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचातुर्वर्ण्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty/law
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तवto/for you; your
तव:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
उक्तःsaid/declared
उक्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
हेतुम्reason/cause
हेतुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनुब्रुवतःof me who am explaining/following up (in speech)
अनुब्रुवतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअनु+ब्रू
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
मेmy/of me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
निबोधunderstand; learn
निबोध:
TypeVerb
Rootनि+बुध्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
क्षात्रात्from the kshatriya (state/quality)
क्षात्रात्:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षात्र
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
धर्मात्from duty (dharma)
धर्मात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
हीयतेdeclines/falls away
हीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
पाण्डुपुत्रःthe son of Pandu
पाण्डुपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डुपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राजधर्मेin kingly duty/statecraft
राजधर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
नियुङ्क्ष्वappoint/engage (him)
नियुङ्क्ष्व:
TypeVerb
Rootनि+युज्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pāṇḍu

Educational Q&A

A ruler is responsible for upholding and restoring dharma: if a rightful king is being pushed away from his proper royal duty, the reigning authority must correct the situation and re-establish him in rajadharma rather than enabling moral and political collapse.

In the Udyoga Parva, Vidura counsels King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. He explains that his earlier discussion of the four-varṇa duties has a purpose: Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s conduct is causing Yudhiṣṭhira to be deprived of his rightful kṣatriya role, so Vidura urges the king to reinstate Yudhiṣṭhira in kingship and proper royal governance.