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Shloka 23

अध्याय ३९: विदुरेण धृतराष्ट्राय नीत्युपदेशः

Timely Counsel, Association, and Kin-Duty

प्रज्ञावृद्ध धर्मवृद्ध॑ स्वबन्धुं विद्यावृद्धं वयसा चापि वृद्धम्‌ । कार्याकार्ये पूजयित्वा प्रसाद्य यः सम्पृच्छेन्न स मुहोत्‌ कदाचित्‌,जो बुद्धि, धर्म, विद्या और अवस्थामें बड़े अपने बन्धुको आदर-सत्कारसे प्रसन्न करके उससे कर्तव्य-अकर्तव्यके विषयमें प्रश्न करता है, वह कभी मोहमें नहीं पड़ता

prajñā-vṛddhaṁ dharma-vṛddhaṁ svabandhuṁ vidyā-vṛddhaṁ vayasā cāpi vṛddham | kāryākārye pūjayitvā prasādya yaḥ sampṛcchen na sa muhyet kadācit ||

قال فيدورا: من أكرم قريبًا كبيرًا—ناضجًا في الحكمة، متقدّمًا في الدharma، واسعَ العلم، متقدّمًا في السن—وأرضاه، ثم سأله عمّا ينبغي فعله وما لا ينبغي فعله، فإنه لا يقع في الضلال قطّ، في أي وقت كان.

प्रज्ञा-वृद्धम्advanced in wisdom
प्रज्ञा-वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रज्ञा-वृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्म-वृद्धम्advanced in dharma
धर्म-वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म-वृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्व-बन्धुम्one's own kinsman
स्व-बन्धुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वबन्धु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विद्या-वृद्धम्advanced in learning
विद्या-वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्या-वृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वयसाby age
वयसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवयस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
वृद्धम्elder
वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कार्य-अकार्येin (matters of) what should be done and not done
कार्य-अकार्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य-अकार्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Dual
पूजयित्वाhaving honored
पूजयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootपूज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Active
प्रसाद्यhaving pleased (him)
प्रसाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive), Active
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्पृच्छेत्should ask/inquire
सम्पृच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्रच्छ्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुह्येत्would be deluded
मुह्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootमुह्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
कदाचित्ever/at any time
कदाचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचित्

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
S
svabandhu (elder kinsman/relative)

Educational Q&A

When uncertain about duty versus non-duty (kārya vs akārya), one should respectfully approach a genuinely qualified elder—wise, righteous, learned, and experienced—and seek guidance; such disciplined consultation prevents moral confusion and wrong choices.

In the Udyoga Parva context of impending conflict and high-stakes decisions, Vidura offers counsel emphasizing ethical clarity: proper action is secured by honoring and consulting trustworthy elders/kinsmen who embody wisdom and dharma.