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Shloka 13

Kośārtha-Rājadharma: Ethical Revenue Collection and Social Regulation (कोशार्थ-राजधर्मः)

उपायान प्रब्रवीम्येतान्‌ न मे माया विवक्षिता | अनुपायेन दमयन्‌ प्रकोपयति वाजिन:,राजन! मैं ये उत्तम उपाय बतला रहा हूँ। मुझे छल-कपट या कूटनीतिकी बात बताना यहाँ अभीष्ट नहीं है। जो लोग उचित उपायका आश्रय न लेकर मनमाने तौरपर घोड़ोंका दमन करना चाहते हैं, वे उन्हें कुपित कर देते हैं (इसी तरह जो अयोग्य उपायसे प्रजाको दबाते हैं, वे उनके मनमें रोष उत्पन्न कर देते हैं)

upāyān prabravīmy etān na me māyā vivakṣitā | anupāyena damayan prakopayati vājinaḥ rājān |

قال بهيشما: «سأبيّن هذه الوسائل؛ وليس قصدي هنا خداعًا ولا حيلةً ماكرة. فمن يحاول ترويض الخيل بغير الوسائل اللائقة لا يزيدها إلا غضبًا؛ وكذلك الحاكم إذا قهر الناس بتدابير غير صالحة أوقد السخط في قلوبهم.»

उपायान्means, methods
उपायान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपाय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रब्रवीमिI declare, I tell
प्रब्रवीमि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormPresent, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
एतान्these
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मेof me, my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
मायाdeceit, trickery
माया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमाया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विवक्षिताintended to be spoken, meant
विवक्षिता:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-वक्ष्
Formक्त, Feminine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (past participle sense)
अनुपायेनby improper means, without proper method
अनुपायेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअनुपाय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दमयन्taming, subduing
दमयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदम्
Formशतृ, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रकोपयतिhe provokes, enrages
प्रकोपयति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-कोपय्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वाजिनःhorses
वाजिनः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाजिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (addressed as rājān)
H
horses (vājinaḥ)

Educational Q&A

Use appropriate, ethical means (upāya) rather than coercion or deceit (māyā). Improper methods of control do not create obedience; they generate anger and lasting resentment—especially in governance.

In Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs the king on rajadharma. Here he prefaces his counsel by rejecting trickery and illustrates, through the example of horse-training, that wrong methods of restraint provoke the very subjects one seeks to govern.