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Shloka 52

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

अरिमध्यस्थमित्राणां सम्यक्‌ चोक्त प्रपडचनम्‌ | अवरमर्द: प्रतीघातस्तथैव च बलीयसाम्‌,सात अड़ोंसे युक्त राज्यके हास, वृद्धि और समान भावसे स्थिति, दूतके सामर्थ्यसे होनेवाली अपनी और अपने राष्ट्रकी वृद्धि, शत्रु, मित्र और मध्यस्थोंका विस्तारपूर्वक सम्यक्‌ विवेचन, बलवान शत्रुओंको कुचल डालने तथा उनसे टक्कर लेनेकी विधि आदिका उक्त ग्रन्थमें वर्णन किया गया है

arimadhyasthamitrāṇāṁ samyak cokta-prapañcanam | avaramardaḥ pratīghātas tathaiva ca balīyasām ||

قال بهيشما: «في تلك الرسالة عُرِضَ، على وجهٍ تامٍّ وبالترتيب اللائق، فحصٌ مفصّل للأعداء والمحايدين والحلفاء؛ وكذلك الوسائلُ لسحق الخصم وملاقاة الضربة المرتدّة—ولو كان الخصمُ أشدَّ قوة.»

अरिof enemies
अरि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअरि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मध्यस्थof neutrals/mediators
मध्यस्थ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्यस्थ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मित्राणाम्of friends
मित्राणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
सम्यक्properly, correctly
सम्यक्:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उक्तsaid, stated
उक्त:
TypeAdjective
Rootवच्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रपञ्चनम्detailed exposition
प्रपञ्चनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रपञ्चन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अवरमर्दःcrushing, suppression
अवरमर्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअवरमर्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिघातःcounter-stroke, resistance
प्रतिघातः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिघात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बलीयसाम्of the stronger (ones)
बलीयसाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootबलीयस्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

A ruler must understand the political field comprehensively—classifying powers as enemy, neutral, or ally—and must know both offensive and defensive measures, including how to respond to retaliation and how to face even stronger adversaries with prudent strategy rather than rashness.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on kingship, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira by summarizing what a foundational treatise on governance contains: systematic analysis of relations (enemy/neutral/ally) and practical methods for subduing foes and meeting counterattacks.