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Shloka 1

अत अष्टपञ्चाशर्दाधिकत्रिशततमोब् ध्याय: नागराजके दर्शनके लिये ब्राह्मणकी तपस्या तथा नागराजके परिवारवालोंका भोजनके लिये ब्राह्मणसे आग्रह करना भीष्म उवाच अथ तेन नरश्रेष्ठ ब्राह्मणेन तपस्विना । निराहारेण वसता दु:खितास्ते भुजड़मा:

Bhīṣma uvāca: atha tena naraśreṣṭha brāhmaṇena tapasvinā | nirāhāreṇa vasatā duḥkhitās te bhujaṅgamāḥ ||

قال بهيشما: ثم إن ذلك البراهمن الزاهد، وهو أكرم الناس، أقام هناك يمارس التقشّف من غير أن يتناول طعاماً. ولأنه لم يأكل، اضطربت نفوسُ الأفاعي (الناغا) الساكنة في ذلك الموضع واعتراها حزنٌ شديد—فبرز توترٌ أخلاقي بين نذر الزاهد وبين الألم الذي يُحدثه، من غير قصد، في كائناتٍ أخرى تقوم حياتها على النظام المألوف للضيافة والتبادل.

अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
तेनby him / by that
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
नरश्रेष्ठO best of men
नरश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootनरश्रेष्ठ
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
ब्राह्मणेनby the Brahmin
ब्राह्मणेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
तपस्विनाby the ascetic
तपस्विना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्विन्
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
निराहारेणwithout food; fasting
निराहारेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिराहार
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
वसताdwelling; while residing
वसता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootवस् (वास्)
Formशतृ (present active participle), masculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
दुःखिताःdistressed
दुःखिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखित
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
भुजङ्गमाःserpents
भुजङ्गमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभुजङ्गम
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
brāhmaṇa (ascetic)
B
bhujaṅgamāḥ / nāgāḥ (serpents)

Educational Q&A

Austerity (tapas) is powerful, but dharma also considers the unintended suffering one’s practices may cause to other beings; ethical life requires balancing personal vows with compassion and the welfare of those affected.

Bhishma narrates that an ascetic Brahmin stays fasting in a place inhabited by serpents; his refusal to eat causes the resident nāgas to become distressed, setting up their later response and interaction with him.