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Shloka 40

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

शुभाशुभफल प्रेत्य लभते भूतसाक्षिकम्‌ | अतिरिच्येत यो यत्र तत्कर्ता लभते फलम्‌,मनुष्य शुभ और अशुभ जो कर्म करता है, उसके पाँच महाभूत साक्षी होते हैं। उन शुभ और अशुभ कर्मोका फल मृत्युके पश्चात्‌ उसे प्राप्त होता है। उन दोनों प्रकारके कर्मोंमें जो अधिक होता है, उसीका फल कर्ताको प्राप्त होता है

śubhāśubha-phalaṁ pretya labhate bhūta-sākṣikam | atiricyeta yo yatra tat-kartā labhate phalam ||

قال فياسا: بعد الموت ينال المرء ثمرة أعماله الحسنة والسيئة، وتقوم العناصر العظمى الخمسة شهودًا عليه. ومن بينهما—البرّ والإثم—فأيّهما كان أرجح في حالٍ ما، نال الفاعل في الغالب نتيجته الموافقة.

शुभाशुभफलम्the fruit of good and evil (deeds)
शुभाशुभफलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुभाशुभफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रेत्यafter death; having departed
प्रेत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र-इ
FormGerund (ktvā/lyap), having departed (i.e., after death)
लभतेobtains
लभते:
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
भूतसाक्षिकम्having the beings/elements as witnesses
भूतसाक्षिकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootभूतसाक्षिक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अतिरिच्येतwould exceed; be greater
अतिरिच्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-रिच्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
यःwhich; that which
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्रwhere; in which case
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
Formrelative adverb
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कर्ताthe doer; agent
कर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लभतेobtains
लभते:
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
फलम्fruit; result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
P
pañca mahābhūta (five great elements)

Educational Q&A

Actions have inevitable consequences that mature after death; the cosmos itself—symbolized by the five great elements—bears witness, and the predominant weight of one’s merit or demerit determines the chief result experienced.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and conduct, Vyāsa states a principle of karmic accounting: good and bad deeds are witnessed by the elements and yield their fruits in the post-mortem state, with the stronger side (good or evil) shaping the outcome.