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Shloka 39

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

स्त्रीशूद्रं पतितं चापि नाभिभाषेद्‌ व्रतान्वित: । पापान्यज्ञानत: कृत्वा मुच्येदेवंत्रतो द्विज:,मनुष्यको चाहिये कि वह दिनमें खड़ा रहे, रातमें खुले मैदानमें सोये, तीन बार दिनमें और तीन बार रातमें वस्त्रों सहित जलमें घुसकर स्नान करे और इस व्रतका पालन करते समय स्त्री-शूद्र और पतितसे बातचीत न करे, ऐसा नियम लेनेवाला द्विज अज्ञानवश किये हुए सब पापोंसे मुक्त हो जाता है

strīśūdraṁ patitaṁ cāpi nābhibhāṣed vratānvitaḥ | pāpāny ajñānataḥ kṛtvā mucyedevam̐vrato dvijaḥ ||

قال فياسا: «إنّ ثنائيَّ الميلاد الذي أخذ بهذه الممارسة لا ينبغي له أن يخاطب النساء، ولا الشودرَ (Śūdra)، ولا من عُدّ ساقطًا. وبالمحافظة على هذا النذر يتحرّر من الذنوب التي ارتكبها عن جهل.»

स्त्रीwoman
स्त्री:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
शूद्रम्a Shudra
शूद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पतितम्a fallen/outcaste person
पतितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपतित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभिभाषेत्should speak to/address
अभिभाषेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-भाष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
व्रतwith a vow/observance
व्रत:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अन्वितःendowed with; observing
अन्वितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पापानिsins/evil deeds
पापानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
अज्ञानतःthrough ignorance; unknowingly
अज्ञानतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअज्ञानतः
कृत्वाhaving done/committed
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
मुच्येतwould be released/freed
मुच्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
एवम्thus/in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
व्रततःfrom/through this vow (as the means)
व्रततः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
द्विजःa twice-born (Brahmin/Kshatriya/Vaishya)
द्विजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
D
dvija
S
strī
Ś
śūdra
P
patita
V
vrata

Educational Q&A

That sins committed unintentionally (through ignorance) can be expiated through a disciplined vow emphasizing restraint in speech and conduct; the verse presents regulated behavior as a means of purification for a dvija.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and expiation, Vyāsa describes a specific observance (vrata) and states its result: the observer avoids certain interactions and thereby becomes freed from sins done in ignorance.