Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 70

Atithi-satkāra and the Consolation of Wise Counsel (अतिथिसत्कारः प्रज्ञानवचनस्य च पराश्वासनम्)

प्राणियोंके सारका नाम है धाम और ऋतका अर्थ है सत्य, ऐसा विद्वानोंने विचार किया है! इसीलिये ब्राह्मणोंने तत्काल मेरा नाम 'ऋतधामा” रख दिया था ।। नष्टां च धरणीं पूर्वमविन्दं वै गुहागताम्‌ । गोविन्द इति तेनाहं देवैर्वाग्भिरभिष्ठत:,मैंने पूर्वकालमें नष्ट होकर रसातलमें गयी हुई पृथ्वीको पुनः: वराहरूप धारण करके प्राप्त किया था, इसलिये देवताओंने अपनी वाणीद्वारा “गोविन्द” कहकर मेरी स्तुति की थी (गां विन्दति इति गोविन्द:--जो पृथ्वीको प्राप्त करे, उसका नाम गोविन्द है)

prāṇināṃ sārasya nāma hi dhāma, ṛtasya cārthaḥ satyam iti vidvadbhiḥ vicāritam | tasmād brāhmaṇaiḥ tatkālaṃ mama nāma “ṛtadhāmā” iti kṛtam || naṣṭāṃ ca dharaṇīṃ pūrvam avindaṃ vai guhāgatām | govinda iti tenāhaṃ devair vāgbhir abhiṣṭutaḥ ||

تأمّل الحكماء أن «دهاما» تدلّ على لبّ الكائنات الحيّة، وأن «ṛta» تعني الحقّ. لذلك سمّاني البراهمة في الحال «Ṛtadhāmā» (من كانت إقامته في الحقّ). ثم إنّي في سالف الزمان، حين ضاعت الأرض وغاصت في الأعماق المستترة، استعدتُها باتخاذ هيئة الخنزير البريّ المقدّس (فاراهـا)؛ ولهذا مدحني الآلهة بألسنتهم باسم «غوفيندا»—الذي يعثر على الأرض ويعيدها إلى موضعها.

नष्टाम्lost, perished
नष्टाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनष्ट (√नश्)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
धरणीम्the earth
धरणीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधरणी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
अविन्दम्I found, I obtained
अविन्दम्:
TypeVerb
Root√विद्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
गुहागताम्gone into a cave/hidden place
गुहागताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगुहागत
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गोविन्दःGovinda (name/title)
गोविन्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोविन्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus, as
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
तेनtherefore; by that (reason)
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
देवैःby the gods
देवैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वाग्भिःwith words/speech
वाग्भिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
अभिष्टतःpraised, lauded
अभिष्टतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअभिष्टुत (√स्तु)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

तामिन्द्र उवाच गच्छ नहुषस्त्वया वाच्योथ<पूर्वेण मामृषियुक्तेन यानेन त्वमधिरूढ

I
Indra
N
Nahuṣa
B
Brahmins (brāhmaṇāḥ)
T
the gods (devāḥ)
E
Earth (Dharaṇī)
V
Varāha (boar form, implied)
G
Govinda
Ṛtadhāmā

Educational Q&A

Names and epithets are grounded in ethical and cosmic meanings: ‘ṛta’ is truth/order, and the divine is characterized as established in truth (Ṛtadhāmā) and as the protector-restorer of the world (Govinda). The passage links right order (ṛta) and truthful integrity (satya) with divine guardianship of creation.

In the Indra–Nahuṣa context, the speaker explains the origin of divine names: Brahmins confer the epithet ‘Ṛtadhāmā’ based on the meaning of ṛta and dhāma, and the gods praise him as ‘Govinda’ because he once recovered the Earth from the hidden depths by assuming the boar form (Varāha).