Shloka 32
Vimokṣa-niścaya: Pañcaśikha’s Analysis of Aggregates, Guṇas, and Tyāga (मोक्षनिर्णयः)
तमसा लोभयुक्तानि क्रोधजानि च सेवते । हिंसाविहाराभिरतस्तन्द्रीनिद्रासमन्वित:
tamasā lobhayuktāni krodhajāni ca sevate | hiṃsāvihārābhiratas tandrīnidrāsamanvitaḥ ||
قال بهيشما: تحت سلطان صفة الظلمة (تامَس)، ينغمس الإنسان في أفعال تدفعها الشهوة والطمع وتنبثق من الغضب. ويشتد تعلّقه بالسعي إلى العنف، ويظلّ على الدوام مُغشّى بالفتور والنوم.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse characterizes tamas as a force that pushes a person toward greed- and anger-born actions, attachment to violence, and a life dominated by lethargy and sleep—thereby indicating what should be recognized and restrained for ethical living.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and conduct, Bhishma is explaining to Yudhishthira the behavioral signs of the guṇas; here he describes the tamasic disposition and its moral consequences.