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Shloka 4

प्रजापतयः देवगणाश्च दिशि-दिशि स्थिताः ऋषयः

Prajāpatis, Deva-Groups, and the Ṛṣis Assigned to the Directions

यत्कारणं यत्र विधि: प्रवृत्तो ज्ञाने फलं यत्प्रवदन्ति विप्रा: । यन्मन्त्रशब्दैरकृतप्रकाशं तदुच्यतां मे भगवन्‌ यथावत्‌,भगवन्‌! जो इस जगत्‌का कारण है, जिसके लिये वैदिक कर्मोंका अनुष्ठान किया जाता है, ब्राह्मण लोग जिसे ही ज्ञान होनेपर प्राप्त होनेवाला फल (परब्रह्म परमात्मा) बताते हैं तथा वेदके मन्त्र-वाक्योंद्वारा जिसका तत्त्व पूर्णरूपसे प्रकाशमें नहीं आता, उस नित्य वस्तुका मेरे लिये यथावद्रूपसे वर्णन कीजिये

yatkāraṇaṁ yatra vidhiḥ pravṛtto jñāne phalaṁ yatpravadanti viprāḥ | yanmantraśabdair akṛtaprakāśaṁ taducyatāṁ me bhagavan yathāvat, bhagavan ||

قال بهيشما: «أيها المبارك، فاشرح لي شرحًا صحيحًا تامًّا تلك الحقيقةَ الأزلية: التي هي سببُ هذا العالم؛ والتي من أجلها تُقام الأعمالُ والشرائعُ الفيدية؛ والتي يعلنها البراهمةُ العلماء ثمرةً تُنال بالمعرفة الحقّة؛ والتي لا تنكشف ماهيتُها انكشافًا كاملًا بمجرد ألفاظِ المانترا الفيدية.»

यत्that which
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कारणम्cause
कारणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्रwhere/for which
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
विधिःinjunction; Vedic rite
विधिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवृत्तःset in motion; engaged
प्रवृत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञानेin/through knowledge
ज्ञाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
फलम्fruit; result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रवदन्तिthey declare
प्रवदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वद्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
विप्राःbrahmins; sages
विप्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यत्that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मन्त्र-शब्दैःby mantra-words (Vedic utterances)
मन्त्र-शब्दैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्रशब्द
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अकृत-प्रकाशम्not made manifest; not fully revealed
अकृत-प्रकाशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअकृतप्रकाश
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उच्यताम्let it be told; may it be stated
उच्यताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Imperative, Third, Singular, Passive (Karmani)
मेto me; for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
भगवन्O Blessed Lord
भगवन्:
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यथावत्properly; as it truly is
यथावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
भगवन्O Lord
भगवन्:
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bhagavan (addressed teacher/deity)
V
viprāḥ (Brahmin sages)
V
Vedic mantras
V
vidhi (Vedic injunction/rites)
B
Brahman/Paramatman (implied as the fruit of knowledge)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames the highest Reality (Brahman/Paramatman) as the ultimate cause, the true goal behind Vedic injunctions, and the supreme fruit of knowledge—yet not something exhaustively captured by mantra-words alone. It points toward realization that transcends mere verbal or ritual formulation.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction setting, Bhishma addresses a revered teacher as “Bhagavan” and requests a precise exposition of the eternal principle: why rituals are performed, what sages call the result of knowledge, and what remains only partially disclosed by Vedic mantras.