Shloka 11
मनस्–बुद्धि–गुणविचारः (Manas–Buddhi–Guṇa Inquiry) — Meditation and Nirguṇa Realization
एते ते निरया: प्रोक्ता: सर्व एव यथातथम् | तस्य स्थानवरस्येह सर्वे निरयसंज्ञिता:
ete te nirayāḥ proktāḥ sarva eva yathātatham | tasya sthānavarasyeha sarve nirayasaṃjñitāḥ, rājan |
قال بهيشما: «هكذا يا أيها الملك وصفتُ لك جميع هذه الجحيمات كما هي على حقيقتها. ولكن، أيها الملك، إذا قورنت بتلك الحالة العليا الأسمى، فإن جميع العوالم هنا إنما هي في الحق جديرة بأن تُسمّى “جحيمًا”.»
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma frames the discussion of hells within a higher ethical-spiritual horizon: however terrifying the punishments of naraka may be, any condition that falls short of the supreme state is, by comparison, a form of suffering—hence ‘hell-like’. The verse redirects attention from fear-based morality to the pursuit of the highest good.
In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Bhīṣma is instructing the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) on dharma and the consequences of actions. After enumerating various hells, he concludes by relativizing them: measured against the ‘best abode’ (the highest state), all other realms can be called ‘hell’ in a comparative sense.