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Shloka 49

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

गुरुतल्पमधिष्ठाय दुरात्मा पापचेतन: । स्त्रयाकारां प्रतिमां लिंग्य मृत्युना सोडभिशुद्धयति,पापपूर्ण विचार रखनेवाला दुरात्मा पुरुष यदि गुरुपत्नीगगमनका पाप कर बैठे तो वह लोहेकी गरम की हुई नारी-प्रतिमाका आलिड्नन करके प्राण दे देनेपर ही उस पापसे शुद्ध होता है

Bhīṣma uvāca: gurutalpam adhiṣṭhāya durātmā pāpacetanaḥ | striy-ākārāṃ pratimāṃ liṅgya mṛtyunā so ’bhiśuddhyati ||

قال بهيشما: إن رجلًا خبيثًا ذا نيةٍ آثمة، إذا انتهك فراش المعلّم (أي زنى بزوجة الغورو)، فلا يتطهّر من ذلك الإثم إلا بأن يعانق تمثالًا على هيئة امرأة (دُميةً من حديدٍ مُحمّى) ويموت بذلك. ويعرض النص قاعدة كفّارية بالغة القسوة لتأكيد فداحة الاعتداء على حرمة بيت المعلّم وقداسة الدارما.

गुरुतल्पम्the teacher’s bed (i.e., the guru’s wife/bed of the guru)
गुरुतल्पम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुरुतल्प
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अधिष्ठायhaving approached/committed (lit. having mounted/occupied)
अधिष्ठाय:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-स्था
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), non-finite
दुरात्माa wicked man
दुरात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुरात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पापचेतनःof sinful mind
पापचेतनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपापचेतन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्त्रियाकाराम्having the form of a woman
स्त्रियाकाराम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्त्रियाकार
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिमाम्an image/statue
प्रतिमाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिमा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
लिङ्ग्यhaving embraced
लिङ्ग्य:
TypeVerb
Rootलिङ्ग्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), non-finite
मृत्युनाby death
मृत्युना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उद्भिशुद्ध्यतिis purified/gets purified
उद्भिशुद्ध्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-शुध्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
G
guru (teacher)
G
guru’s wife (implied by gurutalpa)
W
woman-shaped effigy (pratimā)

Educational Q&A

The verse stresses that violating the guru’s marital sanctity (gurutalpa) is among the gravest dharma-transgressions, and it frames purification as requiring an extreme, life-ending expiation—highlighting the seriousness of the offense and the ideal of uncompromising moral accountability.

In the Shanti Parva’s dharma instruction, Bhishma is describing prāyaścitta (expiatory discipline). Here he states a specific, severe expiation for the sin of approaching the guru’s bed—embracing a woman-shaped effigy (understood as heated iron) and dying, which is said to cleanse the sin.