Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 27

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

उदपानोदके ग्रामे ब्राह्मणो वृषलीपति: । उषित्वा द्वादश समा: शूद्रकर्मेव गच्छति,जिस गाँवमें एक ही कुएँका पानी सब लोग पीते हैं, वहाँ बारह वर्षोतक निवास करनेसे तथा शूद्रजातिकी स्त्रीके साथ विवाह कर लेनेसे ब्राह्मण भी शूद्र हो जाता है

udapānodake grāme brāhmaṇo vṛṣalīpatiḥ | uṣitvā dvādaśa samāḥ śūdrakarmāiva gacchati ||

قال بهيشما: في قرية يشرب أهلها جميعًا من ماء بئرٍ واحد، فإن البراهمي إذا تزوّج امرأةً من الشودرَة (Śūdra) وأقام هناك اثنتي عشرة سنة عُدَّ كمن يسلك سلوك الشودرَة ويتعاطى عملهم. ويُصوِّر البيتُ الهويةَ الاجتماعية على أنها تتشكل بالمخالطة الطويلة، والزواج، والمعاش؛ ويحذّر من أن الانغماس المديد في أنماط عيش غير براهمنية يفضي إلى تحوّلٍ مماثل في منزلة الفَرْنَة (varṇa) المعترف بها وفي الواجبات.

उदपानोदकेin well-water
उदपानोदके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootउदपान-उदक
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
ग्रामेin a village
ग्रामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृषलीपतिःhusband of a Śūdra woman
वृषलीपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृषली-पति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उषित्वाhaving dwelt
उषित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootवस् (उष्/वस्) धातु
FormAbsolutive (त्वा)
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश
समाःyears
समाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसम (वर्ष)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
शूद्रकर्मŚūdra-status/Śūdra-condition
शूद्रकर्म:
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र-कर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इवas if/like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
गच्छतिgoes/comes to (becomes)
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent (Lat), 3, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmin
Ś
Śūdra woman
V
village
W
well (udapāna)
W
well-water

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that varṇa-identity and eligibility for particular dharmas are not treated as merely nominal; sustained association, marriage alliance, and long-term residence within a community—together with adopting its customary occupations—can lead society to regard a person as having shifted into that community’s mode of life and duties.

In the Śānti Parva’s dharma-instruction, Bhishma is laying down a rule-like observation about social status: a Brahmin who marries a Śūdra woman and lives for twelve years in a village characterized by common use of a single well is said to ‘go to’ (i.e., be classed as) one following Śūdra conduct/occupation.