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Shloka 21

तस्य तद्‌ वचन श्रुत्वा दु:खितस्य विशेषत: । उवाच राजन पुत्रस्ते प्राप्तकालमिदं वच:

tasya tad vacanaṁ śrutvā duḥkhitasya viśeṣataḥ | uvāca rājan putras te prāptakālam idaṁ vacaḥ ||

قال سنجيا: لما سمع تلك الكلمات—وقد قيلت في حزنٍ عميق—أجاب ابنك، أيها الملك، بقولٍ في موضعه. وقد غلبه الأسى، لكنه تماسك ليتكلم بما رآه لائقًا بتلك الساعة، مخاطبًا المحاربين والشيوخ المجتمعين من حوله.

तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वचनम्speech/words
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
दुःखितस्यof the sorrowful one
दुःखितस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखित
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
विशेषतःespecially
विशेषतः:
Adverbial
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेyour
ते:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
प्राप्तकालम्timely/appropriate to the occasion
प्राप्तकालम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राप्तकाल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वचःspeech/words
वचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Duryodhana
A
Aśvatthāmā
K
Kṛpācārya

Educational Q&A

Even amid intense sorrow, one should speak and act with awareness of time and circumstance (prāptakāla). The verse highlights the ethical weight of measured, context-appropriate speech in moments of crisis.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duryodhana, after hearing the distressed words of Aśvatthāmā, responds with a statement he considers timely, addressing those around him (including elders like Kṛpa).