Mahabharata 9.64.22 — Shalya Parva, Adhyaya 64, Shloka 22

Devanagari script

यातानि परराष्ट्राणि नूपा भुक्ताश्च दासवत्‌

Transliteration

yātāni pararāṣṭrāṇi nūpā bhuktāś ca dāsavat

Translation

قال سنجيا: «لقد مضَوا إلى ممالكَ أخرى، وهناك أُكرهوا على العيش تبعًا لغيرهم—يُستَخدمون ويُستَغلّون كأنهم عبيد.»

Word by Word

• यातानि: gone, having gone
• यातानि: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (गत्यर्थक धातु) → यात (क्त)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• परराष्ट्राणि: other kingdoms/foreign realms
• परराष्ट्राणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर-राष्ट्र
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• नूपाः: men/people (nūpāḥ)
• नूपाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नूप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भुक्ताः: enjoyed/used; (also) ruled over
• भुक्ताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज् (पालन/भोग) → भुक्त (क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• दासवत्: like a slave
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दासवत्

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• foreign kingdoms (pararāṣṭrāṇi)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical degradation that follows the loss of sovereignty and protection: when people are driven into чужие realms, they may be treated as mere instruments for others’ pleasure and profit. It implicitly condemns exploitation and underscores a ruler’s dharma to safeguard dependents from such humiliation.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra about the harsh consequences faced by those displaced by conflict—forced to go to foreign kingdoms and reduced to a condition of servitude, treated ‘like slaves’ rather than as free persons with dignity.