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Shloka 51

कृष्णोपदेशः, अर्जुनस्य क्षमा-याचनम्, कर्णवध-अनुज्ञा

Krishna’s Counsel, Arjuna’s Apology, and Authorization for Karṇa’s Slaying

इसी प्रकार उस युद्धस्थलमें आपकी सेनाको संताप देते हुए पाण्डुकुमार भीमसेनने सौसे भी अधिक रथों और दूसरे सैकड़ों पैदल सैनिकोंका संहार कर डाला ।।

sañjaya uvāca |

iti prakāraṃ tasmin yuddhasthale tava senāṃ santāpayann api pāṇḍukumāro bhīmasenaḥ śatād api adhikān rathān anyāṃś ca śatasaṅkhyān padātīn saṃharitavān ||

pratāpyamānaṃ sūryeṇa bhīmena ca mahātmanā |

tava sainyaṃ saṃcukoca carmāgnāv āhitaṃ yathā ||

tad-anantaraṃ pāṇḍava-kuru-mahārathāḥ tīkṣṇaiḥ bāṇaiḥ praharantaḥ parasparaṃ kṣata-vikṣataṃ cakruḥ ||

قال سانجيا: وهكذا، في ساحة القتال، ظلّ بهيماسينا—ابن باندو—يُلهب قواتك ويُذيقها العذاب، فأسقط أكثر من مئة عربة، ومعها مئاتٍ من المشاة. وبينما كانت الشمس تتقد من فوق، وكان بهيما العظيم النفس يحرقهم من تحت، انكمش جيشك، أيها الملك، كما ينكمش الجلد إذا أُمسك فوق النار. وبعد ذلك شرع عظماء فرسان العجلات من الباندَفيين والكورو، يضرب بعضهم بعضًا بسهامٍ حادّة كالموس، فيجرحون ويمزّقون الأجساد في قتالٍ قريبٍ لا يهدأ.

प्रताप्यमानम्being scorched/tormented
प्रताप्यमानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रताप्यमान (प्र-तप् धातोः शानच्/मान)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सूर्येणby the sun
सूर्येण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
भीमेनby Bhima
भीमेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महात्मनाby the great-souled one
महात्मना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तवyour
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
सैन्यम्army
सैन्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
संचुकोचcontracted/shrank
संचुकोच:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + कुच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular
चर्मleather/hide
चर्म:
TypeNoun
Rootचर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अग्नौin/on the fire
अग्नौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
आहितम्placed/laid
आहितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-धा (क्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यथाas/like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
P
Pāṇḍu
P
Pāṇḍavas
K
Kurus (Kauravas)
T
the Sun (Sūrya)
C
chariots (ratha)
I
infantry (padāti)
A
arrows (bāṇa)
F
fire (agni)
L
leather (carma)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how external conditions (the blazing sun) and human agency (Bhīma’s relentless assault) together can collapse morale and cohesion in war. Ethically, it underscores the Mahābhārata’s recurring tension: even when warriors act within kṣatriya-duty, the cumulative suffering and dehumanizing momentum of battle are starkly exposed through vivid imagery.

Sañjaya reports to the king that Bhīma, son of Pāṇḍu, is devastating the Kaurava forces—destroying over a hundred chariots and many foot-soldiers. Under the combined pressure of the sun’s heat and Bhīma’s attack, the army ‘shrinks’ like leather held over fire. Then the elite chariot-warriors of both sides close in and wound each other with sharp arrows.