Shloka 131

रथाश्वपत्तयो नागै रथाश्रेभाश्ष पत्तिभि: | रथपत्तिद्विपश्षाश्रै रथैश्षापि नरद्विपा:

rathāśvapattayo nāgai rathāśrebhāś ca pattibhiḥ | rathapattidvipaś cāśrai rathaiś cāpi naradvipāḥ ||

قال سنجيا: في ذلك الاضطراب من المعركة، صرعت الفيلةُ العرباتِ والخيولَ والمشاة؛ وهاجم المشاةُ مقاتلي العربات؛ ثم عادت العرباتُ فضغطت الفيلةَ والمشاةَ معًا—حتى سُحق الناسُ والفيلةُ وسط هجماتٍ متداخلةٍ متبادلة.

रथाश्वपत्तयःcharioteers, horsemen, and foot-soldiers
रथाश्वपत्तयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + अश्व + पत्ति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नागैःby/with elephants
नागैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रथाश्रैःby/with those taking refuge in chariots (chariot-warriors)
रथाश्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + आश्रि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पत्तिभिःby/with foot-soldiers
पत्तिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपत्ति
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रथपत्तिद्विपाःchariot-warriors, foot-soldiers, and elephant-warriors
रथपत्तिद्विपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + पत्ति + द्विप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्रैःby/with those taking refuge (dependents/supporters)
अश्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रथैःby/with chariots
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
नरद्विपाःman-elephants (elephant-like men; mighty warriors)
नरद्विपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर + द्विप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
ratha (chariots)
A
aśva (horses)
P
patti (infantry)
N
nāga (war-elephants)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the cyclical, mutually destructive nature of warfare: each arm of the army becomes both hunter and hunted. Ethically, it points to how conflict erodes stability and compassion, reducing living beings to instruments within a violent exchange.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield as different divisions—elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry—colliding in shifting patterns of advantage. Elephants trample mixed troops, infantry presses chariot-warriors, and chariots counter elephants and footmen, producing widespread devastation.