Shloka 33

Jayadrathasya śoka-bhaya-vilāpaḥ — Droṇena āśvāsanaṃ ca

Jayadratha’s lament and Droṇa’s reassurance

Devanagari script

तस्य सर्व समाचष्ट यथावृत्तं नरेश्वर: । शत्रुभिर्विजयं संख्ये पुत्रस्य च वधं तथा,राजाने क्रमश: शत्रुओंकी विजय और युद्धस्थलमें अपने पुत्रके मारे जानेका सब समाचार उनसे ठीक-ठीक कह सुनाया

Transliteration

tasya sarvaṃ samācakṣṭa yathāvṛttaṃ nareśvaraḥ | śatrubhir vijayaṃ saṅkhye putrasya ca vadhaṃ tathā ||

Translation

ثم أخبره ملكُ الناس بكل شيء كما وقع: كيف غلب الأعداء في المعركة، وكيف قُتل ابنه كذلك.

Word by Word

• तस्य: to him / of him
• तस्य: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• सर्वम्: everything
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आचष्टे: tells / relates
• आचष्टे: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + चक्ष्
• Form: Present, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

• यथा-वृत्तम्: as it happened / the actual occurrence
• यथा-वृत्तम्: Karma
• Type: Indeclinable+Adjective
• Root: यथा (avyaya) + वृत्त (ppp of √वृत्/√वृत्त् in sense 'occurred')
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• नर-ईश्वरः: the king (lord of men)
• नर-ईश्वरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शत्रुभिः: by the enemies
• शत्रुभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• विजयम्: victory
• विजयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: विजय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सङ्ख्ये: in battle
• सङ्ख्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सङ्ख्या
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• पुत्रस्य: of (his) son
• पुत्रस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• वधम्: killing / death
• वधम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तथा: thus / likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• व्यास (Vyāsa)
• नरेश्वर (the king)
• शत्रु (enemies)
• पुत्र (son)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores fidelity to truth (yathāvṛttam): in moments of crisis, a ruler must convey events as they occurred, without concealment or embellishment, and confront the ethical cost of war where triumph and personal loss coexist.

What is happening in the narrative?

A king reports a complete account to another person: the enemies’ victory in the battle and the death of the king’s son, presenting the news in proper sequence and with factual accuracy.