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Shloka 20

अध्याय ३१ — द्रोणानीके तुमुलसंग्रामः

The Tumultuous Battle around Droṇa’s Formation

त॑ दहन्तमनीकानि द्रोणपुत्र: प्रतापवान्‌ । पूर्वाभिभाषी सुश्लक्ष्णं स्मयमानो5भ्यभाषत,राजा नीलको कौरव-सेनाका दहन करते देख प्रतापी द्रोणपुत्र अश्वत्थामाने, जो पहले स्वयं ही वार्तालाप आरम्भ करनेवाला था, मुसकराते हुए मधुर वचनोंमें कहा--

tān dahantam anīkāni droṇaputraḥ pratāpavān | pūrvābhibhāṣī suślakṣṇaṁ smayamāno ’bhyabhāṣata ||

قال سانجيا: ولمّا رآه يحرق صفوف القتال، خاطبه ابنُ درونا الجبّار—أشواتثاما، السريع إلى ابتداء الكلام—بألفاظٍ رقيقة منتقاة وهو يبتسم. ويُبرز المشهد أنّ الكلام، وسط عنف الحرب، يغدو سلاحًا بدوره: تُستعمل اللياقة ورباطة الجأش لتأطير الفعل أو تبريره أو توجيهه وفق ما يُرى أنه واجبٌ (دارما).

तानिthose (hosts/forces)
तानि:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
दहन्तम्burning
दहन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदह्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
अनीकानिarmies, battle-formations
अनीकानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
द्रोणपुत्रःDrona's son (Ashvatthaman)
द्रोणपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोणपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतापवान्mighty, valorous
प्रतापवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतापवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पूर्वाभिभाषीone who speaks first
पूर्वाभिभाषी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्वाभिभाषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुश्लक्ष्णम्very gentle, very polished
सुश्लक्ष्णम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुश्लक्ष्ण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्मयमानःsmiling
स्मयमानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्मि
Formशानच् (present middle participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अभ्यभाषतspoke, addressed
अभ्यभाषत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-भाष्
Formलङ् (imperfect), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Droṇaputra (Aśvatthāmā)
A
anīkāni (battle-formations/army divisions)

Educational Q&A

Even in the midst of destructive warfare, one’s manner of speech—gentle, composed, and strategic—reflects inner intent and can shape moral perception. The verse highlights how rhetoric may accompany violence, framing actions as duty or necessity.

Sañjaya describes Aśvatthāmā observing a warrior who is devastating the opposing formations; Aśvatthāmā then initiates conversation and addresses him with polished, gentle words while smiling.