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Shloka 18

Bhagadatta’s Advance, the Saṃśaptaka Challenge, and Arjuna’s Counterstrike (द्रोणपर्व, अध्याय २६)

तस्मिन्‌ निपतिते वीरे सम्प्राद्रवत सा चमू: । सम्भ्रान्ताश्वद्धिपरथा पदातीनवमृदू्नती,उस वीरके धराशायी होते ही उसकी वह सारी सेना भागने लगी। घोड़े, हाथी तथा रथ सभी घबराहटमें पड़कर इधर-उधर चक्कर काटने लगे। वह सेना अपने ही पैदल सिपाहियोंको रौंदती हुई भाग रही थी

tasmin nipatite vīre samprādravat sā camūḥ | sambhrāntāśvaddhiparathā padātīn avamṛdnatī ||

فلما سقط ذلك البطل إلى الأرض اندفعت الكتائب كلها هاربة. الخيل والفيلة والعربات، وقد استولى عليها الذعر، أخذت تدور في اضطراب؛ والجيش المنهزم كان يفرّ وهو يطأ جنوده المشاة بأقدامه—صورةٌ تُبيّن أن الخوف إذا انفلت في الحرب دمّر النظام والرحمة معًا.

तस्मिन्in/when that (one)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
निपतितेhaving fallen
निपतिते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootनि-पत्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Locative, Singular
वीरेin the hero
वीरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सम्प्राद्रवत्ran away / fled
सम्प्राद्रवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-√द्रु (द्रवति)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
साthat (she/that)
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
चमूःarmy
चमूः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचमू
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सम्भ्रान्तconfused, panic-stricken
सम्भ्रान्त:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-√भ्रम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
अश्वhorses
अश्व:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्विपelephants
द्विप:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथाःchariots
रथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पदातीन्foot-soldiers
पदातीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपदाति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अवमृद्नतीtrampling down
अवमृद्नती:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-√मृद् (मृद्नाति)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
वीर (a fallen hero/warrior)
चमू (army/host)
अश्व (horses)
द्विप/हस्ती (elephants)
रथ (chariots)
पदाति (infantry)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how quickly collective discipline collapses when fear overtakes an army: once a key warrior falls, panic spreads, and even one’s own comrades become unintended victims. Ethically, it underscores the tragic momentum of war, where loss of self-control leads to further adharma-like harm (such as trampling one’s own soldiers).

Sañjaya reports that after a certain hero is struck down, the formation breaks. The host flees in disorder; horses, elephants, and chariots whirl about in confusion, and the retreating troops crush their own infantry while running.