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Shloka 1

ऑऔपन--#ह< बक। ] अति्शऑशा: चतुन॑वर्त्याधेकशततमो< ध्याय: धृतराष्ट्रका प्रश्न धृतराष्ट उवाच अधर्मेण हत॑ श्रुत्वा धृष्टद्युम्नेन संजय । ब्राह्मणं पितरं वृद्धमश्वत्थामा किमब्रवीत्‌,धृतराष्ट्रने पूछा--संजय! अपने बूढ़े पिता ब्राह्मण द्रोणाचार्यके धृष्टट्युम्नद्वारा अधर्मपूर्वक मारे जानेका समाचार सुनकर अभश्व॒त्थामाने क्या कहा?

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | adharmeṇa hataṃ śrutvā dhṛṣṭadyumnena sañjaya | brāhmaṇaṃ pitaraṃ vṛddham aśvatthāmā kim abravīt ||

قال دِهرتَراشْترا: «يا سانجيا، بعدما سمع أن أباه الشيخ—درونا، وهو براهمن—قد قُتل على يد دِهريشتاديومنَة بوسيلةٍ غير عادلة، ماذا قال أشفَتّامان؟»

अधर्मेणby unrighteousness / unlawfully
अधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
हतम्killed
हतम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (हत)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा)
धृष्टद्युम्नेनby Dhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
संजयO Sanjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ब्राह्मणम्the Brahmin
ब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पितरम्father
पितरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वृद्धम्aged, old
वृद्धम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अश्वत्थामाAshvatthama
अश्वत्थामा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वत्थामन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said / spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
A
Aśvatthāmā
D
Droṇa (implied as the aged Brāhmaṇa father)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral inquiry: when a revered elder and Brāhmaṇa is killed ‘by adharma,’ the narrative invites reflection on how perceived unrighteous acts in war provoke intense responses—especially in kin—raising questions about limits of warfare, duty, and the consequences of ethical transgression.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra asks Sañjaya to report Aśvatthāmā’s words after Aśvatthāmā learns that his elderly father Droṇa has been killed by Dhṛṣṭadyumna in a manner characterized as unrighteous. This sets up Aśvatthāmā’s reaction and the ensuing developments in the war narrative.