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Shloka 1

Aśvatthāmā’s Lamentation, Vow of Retaliation, and the Manifestation of the Nārāyaṇāstra (द्रोणपर्व, अध्याय १६६)

भीसस्नआ तन (2) आमने चतुःषष्ट्याधेकशततमो< ध्याय: दोनों सेनाओंका घमासान बुद्ध और दुध और दुर्योधनका द्रोणाचार्यकी रक्षाके लिये [को आदेश संजय उवाच प्रकाशिते तदा लोके रजसा तमसा<<वृते । समाजग्मुरथो वीरा: परस्परवधैषिण:,संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! उस समय धूल और अन्धकारसे ढकी हुई रणभूमिमें इस प्रकार उजेला होनेपर एक-दूसरेके वधकी इच्छावाले वीर सैनिक आपसमें भिड़ गये

sañjaya uvāca | prakāśite tadā loke rajasā tamasā ca vṛte | samājagmur atho vīrāḥ paraspara-vadhaiṣiṇaḥ ||

قال سنجيا: «أيها الملك، في ذلك الحين، حين أضاءت ساحة القتال—وقد غشّاها الغبار والظلام—إضاءةً خاطفة، اندفع الأبطال، وهم يبتغون قتل بعضهم بعضًا، فتلاقوا واشتدّ التحامهم طلبًا للمذبحة المتبادلة».

प्रकाशितेwhen (it was) illuminated/brightened
प्रकाशिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकाशित (√काश्/√प्रकाश्, क्त-प्रत्यय)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
लोकेin the world/region (battlefield area)
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
रजसाby dust
रजसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तमसाby darkness
तमसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
आवृतेcovered/veiled
आवृते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootआवृत (आ-√वृ, क्त-प्रत्यय)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
समाजग्मुःcame together/closed in (met in combat)
समाजग्मुः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√गम्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural
अथthen/and now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
वीराःheroes/warriors
वीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परस्पर-वध-एषिणःseeking each other’s slaughter
परस्पर-वध-एषिणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरस्पर + वध + एषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhritarashtra
B
battlefield (raṇabhūmi)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how war amplifies rajas (agitation) and tamas (darkness/confusion): even when there is a flash of clarity (“illumination”), the prevailing impulse becomes mutual destruction. Ethically, it frames the battlefield as a space where discernment is easily eclipsed and where intention (vadhaiṣiṇaḥ—desire to kill) drives action.

Sanjaya reports to King Dhritarashtra that, amid dust and darkness on the battlefield, a momentary brightening occurs and the warriors from both sides converge, clashing with the aim of killing one another.