Shloka 39
उपायैः पूर्ववधकथनम् / Strategic Justifications for Prior Eliminations
Devanagari script
ये ये प्रमुखतो राजन्नावर्तन्त महारथा:
Transliteration
ye ye pramukhato rājann āvartanta mahārathāḥ
Translation
قال سنجيا: أيها الملك، إن أولئك المَهارَثَة—أعاظم فرسان المركبات—الذين كانوا يرجعون عن المقدّمة، إنما رجعوا وهم في الصدارة، فكان رجوعهم يحدّد حركة صفّ القتال ومعنويات أتباعهم.
Word by Word
येthose who
ये:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
येthose who (repeated: whoever)
ये:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
प्रमुखतःin the forefront; chiefly; prominently
प्रमुखतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रमुख (प्रातिपदिक) + तस् (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
Formtrue
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
आवर्तन्तेturn back; return; wheel about
आवर्तन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + वृत् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, बहुवचन, आत्मनेपद
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaD
DhṛtarāṣṭraM
mahārathāḥ (great chariot-warriors)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
In war and in ethical decision-making, the conduct of leaders shapes the conduct of the many: when foremost warriors turn, advance, or withdraw, their example governs the movement and confidence of the wider force.
Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the leading great chariot-warriors were wheeling back/returning, indicating a significant shift in the battle’s formation and momentum.