Shloka 40

कर्णभीमयुद्धम्

Karna–Bhīma Combat Report

Devanagari script

! गा रे . -कैकओ ततो द्रोणो भृशं क्रुद्धो धर्मराजस्य मारिष

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | tataḥ droṇo bhṛśaṃ kruddho dharmarājasya māriṣa |

Translation

قال سانجيا: ثم إن درونا، وقد استبدّ به الغضب، وجّه سخطه إلى دارماراجا (يودهيشثيرا)، يا أيها المُبجَّل. ويُبرز هذا المشهد كيف أن لهيب الحرب قد يدفع حتى المعلّم المشهور إلى الانقياد للغضب، وكيف صار الصراع يستهدف على نحوٍ متزايد مركز الثقل الأخلاقي لدى الباندافا.

Word by Word

• ततः: then; thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from there/then')

• द्रोणः: Drona
• द्रोणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भृशम्: exceedingly; greatly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भृशम्
• Form: Avyaya (adverb)

• क्रुद्धः: angered
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (past passive participle from √क्रुध्)

• धर्मराजस्य: of Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मराज
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• मारिष: O venerable sir!
• Type: Noun
• Root: मारिष
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Droṇa
• Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address māriṣa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how anger (krodha) can overtake even eminent figures in war, shifting focus from duty to personal hostility; it also frames Yudhiṣṭhira as the embodiment of dharma, making attacks on him symbolically attacks on moral order.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Droṇa becomes intensely angry and directs his attention against Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira), indicating an escalation in the battle where key leaders are singled out.