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Shloka 48

Chapter 51: Saṃdhyākāla-saṃhāra

Evening Withdrawal after Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

बृहदूबलश्न॒ कौसल्यो जयत्सेनश्ल मागध: । तथा रुक्‍्मरथो राजन्‌ शल्यपुत्र: प्रतापवान्‌,राजन! उन रथियोंके नाम ये हैं--कोसलनरेश बृहदबल, मगधदेशीय जयत्सेन, शल्यके प्रतापी पुत्र रुक्मरथ, अवन्तिके राजकुमार विन्द और अनुविन्द, काम्बोजराज सुदक्षिण तथा बृहत्क्षत्रके पुत्र सिन्धुराज जयद्रथ

sañjaya uvāca | bṛhadbalaś ca kausalyo jayatsenaś ca māgadhaḥ | tathā rukmaratho rājan śalyaputraḥ pratāpavān |

قال سنجيا: «أيها الملك، من فرسان العربات المبرزين بْرِهادْبَلا من كوسالا، وجَياتْسِينا من ماغَدها، وكذلك رُكْمَرَثا الشجاع، ابنُ شاليا الجسور.»

बृहद्बलःBṛhadbala (the great-strong one; proper name)
बृहद्बलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबृहद्बल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कौसल्यःthe Kosalan (king of Kosala)
कौसल्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकौसल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जयत्सेनःJayatsena (whose army is victorious; proper name)
जयत्सेनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजयत्सेन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मागधःthe Magadhan (from Magadha)
मागधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमागध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
रुक्मरथःRukmaratha (golden-chariot; proper name)
रुक्मरथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरुक्मरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शल्यपुत्रःson of Śalya
शल्यपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशल्यपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतापवान्mighty, valorous
प्रतापवान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतापवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
B
Bṛhadbala
K
Kosala
J
Jayatsena
M
Magadha
R
Rukmaratha
Ś
Śalya

Educational Q&A

The verse functions as a sober reminder that great power and noble lineage do not prevent participation in adharma-driven destruction; warriors, compelled by alliances and kṣatriya obligations, enter a conflict whose moral weight will be judged by intention, loyalty, and consequence.

Sañjaya is reporting to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra the notable chariot-warriors present on the battlefield, naming Bṛhadbala of Kosala, Jayatsena of Magadha, and Rukmaratha, the valiant son of Śalya, as part of a larger enumeration of forces.