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Shloka 2

Chapter 51: Saṃdhyākāla-saṃhāra

Evening Withdrawal after Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

दुर्मुख: कृतवर्मा च कृप: शल्यो विविंशति: । भीष्म जुगुपुरासाद्य तव पुत्रेण चोदिता:,संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! उस अत्यन्त भयंकर दिनका पूर्वभाग जब प्राय: व्यतीत हो गया, तब बड़े-बड़े वीरोंका विनाश करनेवाले उस भयानक संग्राममें आपके पुत्रकी आज्ञासे दुर्मुख, कृतवर्मा, कृपाचार्य, शल्य और विविंशति वहाँ आकर भीष्मकी रक्षा करने लगे

sañjaya uvāca | durmukhaḥ kṛtavarmā ca kṛpaḥ śalyo viviṁśatiḥ | bhīṣmaṁ jugupur āsādya tava putreṇa coditāḥ ||

قال سانجيا: بأمرِ ابنِك تقدّم دُرمُخا وكِرتَفَرما وكِرِبا وشاليا وفيفيمشتي إلى بهيشما وتولّوا حمايته—يريدون أن يدرؤوا عن الجدّ الموقَّر في خضمّ معركةٍ مروِّعة تُفني الأبطال الأقوياء.

दुर्मुखःDurmukha (a warrior)
दुर्मुखः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्मुख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतवर्माKṛtavarmā
कृतवर्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृतवर्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कृपःKṛpa (Kṛpācārya)
कृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शल्यःŚalya
शल्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विविंशतिःViviṃśati
विविंशतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविविंशति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भीष्मम्Bhīṣma
भीष्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जुगुपुःthey protected/guarded
जुगुपुः:
TypeVerb
Rootगुप्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural
आसाद्यhaving approached/reached
आसाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√सद्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
तवyour
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रेणby (your) son
पुत्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
चोदिताःurged/commanded
चोदिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootचोदित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
D
Durmukha
K
Kṛtavarmā
K
Kṛpa (Kṛpācārya)
Ś
Śalya
V
Viviṁśati
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'tava')
D
Duryodhana (implied by 'tava putreṇa')

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the tension between duty to one’s commander and the broader moral weight of war: warriors, compelled by loyalty and command, rally to protect a revered elder (Bhīṣma) even as the battle remains ethically complex.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that, on Duryodhana’s instruction, several prominent Kaurava-aligned fighters approach Bhīṣma and form a protective guard around him in the midst of the fierce fighting.