Shloka 3

Yuga-Lakṣaṇa and Varṣa-Pramāṇa Inquiry (युगलक्षण–वर्षप्रमाण–प्रश्न)

Devanagari script

शाल्मलिं चैव तत्त्वेन क्रौज्चद्वीपं तथैव च । ब्रूहि गावल्गणे सर्व राहो: सोमार्कयोस्तथा

Transliteration

śālmalīṁ caiva tattvena krauñcadvīpaṁ tathaiva ca | brūhi gāvalgaṇe sarvaṁ rāhoḥ somārkayostathā ||

Translation

وحدّثني كذلك على الحقيقة عن شالملي-دْوِيپَة، وعن كراونچا-دْوِيپَة أيضًا. يا سنجيا ابن غافالغَنَة، بيّن بيانًا تامًّا الخبر الصحيح عن راهو وصلته بالقمر والشمس.

Word by Word

• शाल्मलिम्: Śālmalī (island/continent)
• शाल्मलिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाल्मलि
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• तत्त्वेन: in truth; accurately
• तत्त्वेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत्त्व
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• क्रौञ्चद्वीपम्: Krauñca-dvīpa (island/continent)
• क्रौञ्चद्वीपम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रौञ्चद्वीप
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तथा: thus/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• एव: indeed/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• ब्रूहि: tell; explain
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

• गावल्गणे: O Gāvalgaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गावल्गण
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• सर्वम्: all (of it)
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• राहोः: of Rāhu
• Type: Noun
• Root: राहु
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• सोमार्कयोः: of the Moon and the Sun
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोमार्क
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Dual

• तथा: and likewise; also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Gāvalgaṇa
• Śālmalī-dvīpa
• Krauñca-dvīpa
• Rāhu
• Soma (Moon)
• Arka (Sun)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights disciplined inquiry and faithful transmission of knowledge: the listener asks for a precise (tattvena) account, emphasizing accuracy and completeness in explaining traditional cosmology and celestial phenomena.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya, addressed as Gāvalgaṇa’s son, is requested to describe specific dvīpas (Śālmalī and Krauñca) and to explain the account of Rāhu in relation to the Sun and Moon—setting up a cosmographical and astronomical digression within the parva.