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Shloka 236

Adhyāya 108 — Nimitta-darśana and Drona’s counsel amid Arjuna’s advance (निमित्तदर्शनं द्रोणोपदेशश्च)

यथा सिंहं समासाद्य मृगा: प्राणपरायणा: । जैसे सिंहका सामना पड़ जानेपर मृग भयभीत हो अपने प्राण बचानेके लिये भागते हैं, उसी प्रकार मारे जाते हुए घोड़े भयसे व्याकुल हो इधर-उधर भाग रहे थे

yathā siṁhaṁ samāsādya mṛgāḥ prāṇaparāyaṇāḥ |

قال سانجيا: كما أنّ الظباء إذا واجهت أسدًا انصرفت همّتها كلّها إلى النجاة بالنفس فتهرب مذعورة، كذلك الخيول—وقد كانت تُضرَب فتُصرَع—استبدّ بها الفزع فأخذت تعدو في كلّ اتجاه.

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
सिंहम्lion
सिंहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समासाद्यhaving approached/encountered
समासाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
मृगाःdeer/animals of the forest
मृगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राणपरायणाःintent on saving their lives; life-dependent
प्राणपरायणाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राण-परायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
L
lion (siṁha)
D
deer/wild animals (mṛga)
H
horses (implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how, in the face of overwhelming danger, living beings instinctively prioritize the preservation of life; it underscores the terror and chaos that war unleashes even upon animals, revealing the ethical weight of violence.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield scene through a simile: as deer scatter when a lion appears, so the horses being slain are seized by fear and bolt in different directions.