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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 108 — Nimitta-darśana and Drona’s counsel amid Arjuna’s advance (निमित्तदर्शनं द्रोणोपदेशश्च)

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत भीष्मपर्वके अन्तर्गत भीष्यवधपर्वमें सात्यकिका युद्धाविषयक एक सौ चारवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ ॥/ १०४ ॥। अपना बछ। अफड-ण करा पञ्चाधिकशततमोब< ध्याय: मर आओ दुःशासनको भीष्मकी रक्षाके लिये आदेश, और नकुल-सहदेवके द्वारा शकुनिकी घुड़सवार- सेनाकी पराजय तथा शल्यके साथ उन सबका युद्ध संजय उवाच दृष्टवा भीष्म॑ रणे क्रुद्धं पाण्डवैरभिसंवृतम्‌ । यथा मेघैर्महाराज तपान्ते दिवि भास्करम्‌

sañjaya uvāca |

dṛṣṭvā bhīṣmaṁ raṇe kruddhaṁ pāṇḍavair abhisamvṛtam |

yathā meghair mahārāja tapānte divi bhāskaram ||

قال سنجيا: «لما رأيتُ بهيشما، غاضبًا في قلب المعركة ومحاطًا من كل جانبٍ بالبانْدَفَة—كما تُحيط السحبُ في السماء، أيها الملك العظيم، بالشمس المتقدة في أواخر الصيف—(سأصف ما تلا ذلك).»

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage)
भीष्मम्Bhishma
भीष्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्रुद्धम्angry
क्रुद्धम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुद्ध
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
पाण्डवैःby the Pandavas
पाण्डवैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अभिसंवृतम्surrounded, enclosed
अभिसंवृतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअभिसंवृत
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
मेघैःby clouds
मेघैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमेघ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तपन्तेthey scorch / oppress
तपन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural
दिविin the sky
दिवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
भास्करम्the sun
भास्करम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभास्कर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
P
Pāṇḍavas
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'mahārāja')
S
Sun (Bhāskara)
C
Clouds (Megha)
S
Sky (Div)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames battlefield perception through a moral-narrative lens: even the mightiest warrior (Bhīṣma, likened to the sun) can be momentarily obscured by collective opposition (clouds/Pāṇḍavas). It highlights the tension between personal prowess and the larger forces—duty, circumstance, and the gathered momentum of many—shaping outcomes in a dharmic conflict.

Sañjaya begins describing a new phase of fighting: Bhīṣma is enraged on the battlefield and is being pressed and surrounded by the Pāṇḍavas. The scene is introduced with a simile comparing Bhīṣma to the summer sun and the Pāṇḍavas to clouds encircling it.