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Shloka 19

Dāna-Śreṣṭhatā: On the Superiority of Giving

Maitreya–Vyāsa Exemplum

अहमासं मनुष्यो वै शूद्रो बहुधन: प्रभो । अब्रद्याण्यो नृशंसश्न कदर्यो वृद्धिजीवन:

aham āsaṁ manuṣyo vai śūdro bahu-dhanaḥ prabho | abrāhmaṇyo nṛśaṁsaś ca kadaryo vṛddhi-jīvanaḥ prabho ||

قالت الحشرة: «يا مولاي، في ميلادٍ سابق كنتُ إنسانًا—بل كنتُ شُودرا (Śūdra) شديد الثراء. لم يكن في قلبي توقيرٌ للبراهمة (Brāhmaṇa)؛ كنتُ قاسيًا لا رحمة لي، بخيلًا، وأعيش على الربا. وبسبب هذا السلوك هويتُ إلى هذه الحال الدنيئة».

अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
आसम्was
आसम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 1st, Singular
मनुष्यःa human (man)
मनुष्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
शूद्रःa Śūdra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बहुधनःvery wealthy (having much wealth)
बहुधनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अब्राह्मण्यःdisrespectful/hostile to Brahmins
अब्राह्मण्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअब्राह्मण्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृशंसःcruel
नृशंसः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कदर्यःmiserly
कदर्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकदर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृद्धिजीवनःliving by interest (usurer)
वृद्धिजीवनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्धिजीवन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

कीट उवाच

K
kīṭa (the insect speaker)
P
prabhu (addressed lord/master)
B
brāhmaṇa
Ś
śūdra

Educational Q&A

Wealth without dharma becomes a cause of downfall: irreverence toward the worthy (especially Brāhmaṇas), cruelty, miserliness, and living by exploitative gain (interest/usury) generate negative karma that can lead to a degraded rebirth.

An insect speaks to a lordly interlocutor, confessing its former human life: though rich, it was a Śūdra who lacked respect for Brāhmaṇas and lived cruelly and greedily by usury; the confession explains the karmic reason for its present low birth.