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Shloka 73

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

उच्छिष्टो यः प्राद्रवति स्वाध्यायं चाधिगच्छति । यश्चानध्यायकाले5पि मोहादभ्यस्यति द्विज:

ucchiṣṭo yaḥ prādravati svādhyāyaṃ cādhigacchati | yaścānadhyāya-kāle 'pi mohād abhyasyati dvijaḥ ||

يقول بهيشما: من يسرع وهو ذو فمٍ غير طاهر بعد الطعام فينصرف إلى السَّفادهيايا ودراسة الفيدا، ومن كان من “المولودين مرتين” (dvija) يدرس—عن ضلال—حتى في زمن الأَنَدْهْيَايَا (وقت حظر التلاوة): فهؤلاء تذكر في شأنهم الروايةُ القديمةُ التي أنشدها ياما. إذ يعلن ياما أنه يقطع عمرَ مثل هذا الرجل ويحرمُه من ذريته؛ وأن الدويجا الذي يدرس في زمن الأندهيایا يفسد عليه كلٌّ من تحصيله الفيدي وطول عمره. لذلك لا يدرس العاقل الفيدا في الأوقات المحظورة.

उच्छिष्टःwith leftover food in the mouth; unclean (after eating)
उच्छिष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउच्छिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राद्रवतिruns forth; rushes
प्राद्रवति:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु (धावने)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्वाध्यायम्Vedic study; recitation
स्वाध्यायम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अधिगच्छतिundertakes; engages in; studies
अधिगच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःand who
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनध्याय-कालेat the time of prohibited study (anadhyaya)
अनध्याय-काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअनध्याय-काल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अपिeven; also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
मोहात्out of delusion; through confusion
मोहात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमोह
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अभ्यस्यतिpractises; studies; recites repeatedly
अभ्यस्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि+अस् (अभ्यासे)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्विजःa twice-born (Brahmin etc.)
द्विजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (Bhīṣma)
Y
Yama (Yamarāja)

Educational Q&A

Vedic study (svādhyāya) must be done with proper purity and at permitted times; studying with an impure mouth (ucchiṣṭa) or during an anadhyāya period is portrayed as a serious breach that destroys longevity and the fruit of learning.

Bhishma instructs by citing an old traditional account attributed to Yama: Yama warns that those who recite/study the Veda in impure or prohibited conditions incur grave consequences, so the wise should avoid svādhyāya at forbidden times.