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Shloka 12

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 90 — Pūror Vaṃśa, Kuru-Pravara, and the Janamejaya Line

Genealogical Recitation

अनित्यतां सुखदु:खस्य बुद्ध्वा कस्मात्‌ संतापमष्टकाहं भजेयम्‌ | कि कुर्या वै कि च कृत्वा न तप्ये तस्मात्‌ संतापं वर्जयाम्यप्रमत्त:,अष्टक! मैं सुख तथा दुःख दोनोंकी अनित्यताको जानता हूँ, फिर मुझे संताप हो तो कैसे? मैं क्या करूँ: और क्या करके संतप्त न होऊँ, इन बातोंकी चिन्ता छोड़ चुका हूँ। अतः सावधान रहकर शोक-संतापको अपनेसे दूर रखता हूँ

anityatāṁ sukha-duḥkhasya buddhvā kasmāt santāpam aṣṭakāhaṁ bhajeyam | ki kuryā vai ki ca kṛtvā na tapye tasmāt santāpaṁ varjayāmy apramattaḥ |

وقد أدركتُ فناءَ اللذة والألم معًا، فكيف لي، يا أَشْتَكَ، أن أُسلِم نفسي للحزن؟ ماذا عساي أن أفعل—وماذا عساي أن أفعل—حتى أكون بمنأى تامًّا عن الندم؟ لذلك نبذتُ هذا الاجترار القَلِق؛ وباليقظة أحفظ الأسى والعذاب بعيدين عني.

अनित्यताम्impermanence
अनित्यताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनित्य
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सुखदुःखस्यof pleasure and pain
सुखदुःखस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसुख-दुःख
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
बुद्ध्वाhaving understood/knowing
बुद्ध्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
कस्मात्from what cause? why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
संतापम्grief, distress
संतापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंताप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अष्टकO Aṣṭaka
अष्टक:
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टक
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
भजेयम्should I resort to/undergo
भजेयम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभज्
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Non-past (modal), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुर्याम्should I do
कुर्याम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Non-past (modal), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तप्येshould I grieve/be distressed
तप्ये:
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Non-past (modal), First, Singular, Atmanepada
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
संतापम्grief, distress
संतापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंताप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वर्जयामिI avoid, I shun
वर्जयामि:
TypeVerb
Rootवृज्/वर्ज्
FormPresent (लट्), Present, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
अप्रमत्तःvigilant, unheedful (not careless)
अप्रमत्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रमत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

जटद्टक उवाच

J
Jaṭadṭaka (speaker)
A
Aṣṭaka

Educational Q&A

The speaker teaches that since pleasure and pain are transient, one should not cling to them or be consumed by grief. Recognizing that no action can guarantee a life without regret, he chooses vigilant renunciation of anxious sorrow and cultivates steadiness of mind.

In a dialogue addressed to Aṣṭaka, Jaṭadṭaka articulates a reflective stance on human experience: understanding the fleeting nature of sukha and duḥkha, he refuses to indulge in santāpa (distress) and declares his resolve to remain apramatta—alert and self-controlled—rather than trapped in worry.