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Shloka 4

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 10: Ruru’s Vow and Ḍuṇḍubha’s Appeal (रुरोः प्रतिज्ञा—डुण्डुभोपदेशः)

रुरुके दर्शनसे सहस्रपाद ऋषिकी सर्पयोनिसे मुक्ति एकानर्थान्‌ पृथगर्थनिकदुःखान्‌ पृथक्सुखान्‌ । डुण्डुभान्‌ धर्मविद्‌ भूत्वा न त्वं हिंसितुमहसि,अहो! आश्चर्य है, बेचारे डुण्डुभ अनर्थ भोगनेमें सब सर्पोंके साथ एक हैं; परंतु उनका स्वभाव दूसरे सर्पोंसे भिन्न है तथा दुःख भोगनेमें तो वे सब सर्पोके साथ एक हैं; किंतु सुख सबका अलग-अलग है। तुम धर्मज्ञ हो, अतः तुम्हें डुण्डुभोंकी हिंसा नहीं करनी चाहिये

Ḍuṇḍrubha uvāca: ruru-ke darśanase sahasrapāda ṛṣikī sarpayonise mukti ekānarthān pṛthag-arthanikaduḥkhān pṛthaksukhān. ḍuṇḍubhān dharmavid bhūtvā na tvaṃ hiṃsitum arhasi; aho āścaryam—becāre ḍuṇḍubha anartha-bhoga-ne meṃ sab sarpoṃ ke sātha eka haiṃ; parantu unakā svabhāva dūsare sarpoṃ se bhinna hai tathā duḥkha-bhoga-ne meṃ to ve sab sarpoṃ ke sātha eka haiṃ; kintu sukha sabkā alag-alag hai. tuma dharmajña ho, ataḥ tumheṃ ḍuṇḍubhoṃ kī hiṃsā nahīṃ karnī cāhiye.

قال Ḍuṇḍrubha: «يا رورو، وإن كنا نشترك في مولدٍ واحدٍ كالحيات، ومشدودين معًا إلى العذاب والنحس، فإن طبائع الكائنات تختلف، وما يأتي من سعادةٍ يذوقه كلُّ واحدٍ على حدة. ولأنك عارفٌ بالدارما، فلا ترتكب عنفًا ضدّ الدُّنْدُبْهَات. ما أعجب الأمر—نحن متحدون في المصيبة، ولسنا متحدين في الفرح.»

रुरुकेO Ruru
रुरुके:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootरुरुक
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दर्शनसेfrom seeing / from the sight
दर्शनसे:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदर्शन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
सहस्रपादthe thousand-footed one (a centipede)
सहस्रपाद:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्रपाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ऋषिकीby (the curse of) the female sage (Ṛṣikā)
ऋषिकी:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootऋषिका
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सर्पयोनिसेfrom the serpent-womb / serpent birth
सर्पयोनिसे:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्पयोनि
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
मुक्तिrelease, liberation
मुक्ति:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुक्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एकानर्थान्the same misfortunes / common calamities
एकानर्थान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएक + अनर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पृथगर्थनिकदुःखान्distinct/individual sufferings arising from (their) own conditions
पृथगर्थनिकदुःखान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथक् + अर्थ + निक + दुःख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पृथक्सुखान्separate/individual pleasures
पृथक्सुखान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथक् + सुख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
डुण्डुभान्Dundubhas (a class of serpents)
डुण्डुभान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootडुण्डुभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धर्मविद्knower of dharma
धर्मविद्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
Kriya-vishesana
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिंसितुम्to harm, to kill
हिंसितुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहिंस्
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
अर्हसिyou ought / you are fit
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent (Lat), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
अहोalas! indeed!
अहो:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो
आश्चर्यम्a wonder, astonishing (thing)
आश्चर्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootआश्चर्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

डुण्ड्रुभ उवाच

Ḍuṇḍrubha
R
Ruru
S
sarpa (serpents)
ḍuṇḍubha (a class/group referenced in the speech)

Educational Q&A

The verse urges restraint from violence (ahiṃsā) on the basis of dharma: even when beings seem blameworthy or belong to a feared group, a dharma-knower should not harm them, recognizing the complexity of shared suffering and individual experience.

Ḍuṇḍrubha addresses Ruru and argues against harming the ḍuṇḍubhas, pointing out that beings of serpent-birth are collectively bound to misfortune and suffering, while happiness is individually experienced; therefore Ruru, as a dharma-aware person, should refrain from killing.