Shloka 117

Daily Duties of Brāhmaṇas: Snāna, Sandhyā, Sūrya-hṛdaya, Japa, Tarpaṇa, and the Pañca-mahāyajñas

Devanagari script

सर्वेषामप्यलाभे तु अन्नं गोभ्यो निवेदयेत् / भुञ्जीत बन्धुभिः सार्धं वाग्यतो ऽन्नमकुत्सयन्

Transliteration

sarveṣāmapyalābhe tu annaṃ gobhyo nivedayet / bhuñjīta bandhubhiḥ sārdhaṃ vāgyato 'nnamakutsayan

Translation

فإن لم يوجد أحدٌ منهم، فليُقدَّم الطعام قربانًا للأبقار. ثم ليكفّ المرء لسانه، ولا يزدرِ الطعام، وليأكل مع ذوي قرابته.

Word by Word

• सर्वेषाम्: of all (people)
• सर्वेषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक (सामान्य-प्रयोग), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन

• अपि: even/also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (inclusive particle)

• अलाभे: in the absence (of gain/alms)
• अलाभे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अलाभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• तु: then/but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (contrastive particle)

• अन्नम्: food
• अन्नम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन

• गोभ्यः: to the cows
• गोभ्यः: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (गो-शब्दः), चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (सम्प्रदान), बहुवचन

• निवेदयेत्: should offer/present
• निवेदयेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + √विद्/वेद् (धातु; निवेदयति)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative stem)

• भुञ्जीत: should eat
• भुञ्जीत: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भुज् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

• बन्धुभिः: with kinsmen/relatives
• बन्धुभिः: Sahakari (सहकारि/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (सह/करण), बहुवचन

• सार्धम्: together (with)
• सार्धम्: Sahakari (सहकारि/सह)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सार्धम् (अव्यय)
• Form: सह-अर्थक-अव्यय (indeclinable meaning 'together with')

• वाक्-यतः: restrained in speech
• वाक्-यतः: Karta-visheshana (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वाक् (प्रातिपदिक) + यत (कृदन्त; √यम्)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (वाचा यतः = वाक्-निग्रहयुक्तः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषण

• अन्नम्: food
• अन्नम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन

• अकुत्सयन्: not disparaging (it)
• अकुत्सयन्: Karta-visheshana (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + कुत्सयत् (कृदन्त; √कुत्स्)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषण; नञ्-प्रत्यय (negation)

Speaker

Lord Kurma (Vishnu) instructing on dharma and right conduct

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Characters & Entities

• Gau (Cow)
• Bandhu (Kinsmen/Relatives)

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

Indirectly, it points to Atman-centered discipline: contentment and non-contempt toward one’s sustenance reduce egoic agitation, supporting inner purity (śuddhi) that is prerequisite for steady Self-knowledge.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

It emphasizes restraint (vāg-yama) and contentment with what is obtained, practical ethical disciplines that function like foundational yamas for Yoga—purifying conduct so that higher contemplation becomes stable.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

While not naming them, the verse reflects the Purana’s synthesis by grounding spirituality in shared dharmic ethics—service, restraint, and purity—values upheld across Shaiva-Pashupata and Vaishnava frameworks alike.