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Shloka 3

The Kātyāyanī-vrata, the Stealing of the Gopīs’ Garments, and Kṛṣṇa’s Teaching on Purified Desire

आप्लुत्याम्भसि कालिन्द्या जलान्ते चोदितेऽरुणे । कृत्वा प्रतिकृतिं देवीमानर्चुर्नृप सैकतीम् ॥ २ ॥ गन्धैर्माल्यै: सुरभिभिर्बलिभिर्धूपदीपकै: । उच्चावचैश्चोपहारै: प्रवालफलतण्डुलै: ॥ ३ ॥

āplutyāmbhasi kālindyā jalānte codite ’ruṇe kṛtvā pratikṛtiṁ devīm ānarcur nṛpa saikatīm

أيها الملك، عند الفجر حين كانت الشمس تشرق، اغتسلت الغوبيات في مياه الكالِندي (يمنا)، ثم صنعن على ضفة النهر الرملية تمثالًا طينيًّا للإلهة دورغا وعبدنها. وقد قدّمن معجون الصندل وسائر العطور، وأكاليل الزهر، والقرابين، والبخور والمصابيح، وهدايا شتى مثل الفواكه وأوراق التنبول وجوز الأريكا والأوراق الغضة والأرز.

āplutyahaving bathed / after plunging
āplutya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootā-plu (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), from √plu with prefix ā-; indeclinable verbal form (क्रियाविशेषण)
ambhasiin the water
ambhasi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootambhas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
kālindyāḥof the Kālinḍī (Yamunā)
kālindyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootkālindī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
jala-anteat the water’s edge
jala-ante:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootjala (प्रातिपदिक) + anta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (समुच्चय/निपात)
uditewhen (it) had risen
udite:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootudita (कृदन्त; √ud/उद् धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine/Neuter agreeing with aruṇa (time of dawn)
aruṇeat dawn / when Aruṇa (reddish dawn) had appeared
aruṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootaruṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
kṛtvāhaving made
kṛtvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), from √kṛ; indeclinable verbal form (क्रियाविशेषण)
pratikṛtiman image/effigy
pratikṛtim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprati-kṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
devīmthe goddess
devīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdevī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
ānarcuḥthey worshipped
ānarcuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-arc (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
nṛpaO king
nṛpa:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootnṛpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
saikatīmmade of sand / sandy
saikatīm:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaikatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying devīm/pratikṛtim
gandhaiḥwith fragrances
gandhaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootgandha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
mālyaiḥwith garlands
mālyaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootmālya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
surabhibhiḥfragrant
surabhibhiḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsurabhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifying gandha/mālya etc.
balibhiḥwith offerings
balibhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootbali (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
dhūpa-dīpakaiḥwith incense and lamps
dhūpa-dīpakaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootdhūpa (प्रातिपदिक) + dīpaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDvandva (द्वन्द्व) compound; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) as a pair-collective, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
uccāvacaiḥvarious (high and low; diverse)
uccāvacaiḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootuccāvaca (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifying upahāra
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (समुच्चय/निपात)
upahāraiḥwith gifts/offerings
upahāraiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootupahāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
pravāla-phala-taṇḍulaiḥwith sprouts, fruits, and rice-grains
pravāla-phala-taṇḍulaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootpravāla (प्रातिपदिक) + phala (प्रातिपदिक) + taṇḍula (प्रातिपदिक)
Form(Enumerative) Dvandva-like listing compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग) Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

The word balibhiḥ in this verse indicates offerings of clothing, ornaments, food and so on.

P
Parīkṣit Mahārāja
K
Kālindī (Yamunā)
G
Goddess Kātyāyanī

FAQs

In Canto 10, Chapter 22, the Bhagavatam describes the gopīs bathing in the Yamunā at dawn and worshiping an image of Goddess Kātyāyanī, performing a vow with the intention of attaining Śrī Kṛṣṇa as their beloved.

Śukadeva narrates how the gopīs expressed single-minded devotion through a simple, heartfelt ritual—fashioning a deity from sand on the riverbank—showing that sincerity in bhakti is central, not external opulence.

Begin spiritual practice with purity and regularity—like early-morning remembrance, bathing, and focused prayer—keeping the heart’s intention sincere even if resources are simple.