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Srimad Bhagavatam — Ashtama Skandha, Shloka 2

Matsya-avatāra: The Lord as Fish Saves the Vedas and Guides Satyavrata

यदर्थमदधाद् रूपं मात्स्यं लोकजुगुप्सितम् । तम:प्रकृति दुर्मर्षं कर्मग्रस्त इवेश्वर: ॥ २ ॥ एतन्नो भगवन् सर्वं यथावद् वक्तुमर्हसि । उत्तमश्लोकचरितं सर्वलोकसुखावहम् ॥ ३ ॥

yad-artham adadhād rūpaṁ mātsyaṁ loka-jugupsitam tamaḥ-prakṛti-durmarṣaṁ karma-grasta iveśvaraḥ

لأي غايةٍ اتخذ البهغوان هيئة السمكة التي يزدريها الناس، المجبولة على التَّمَس ومملوءة بالألم، كأنه كائنٌ مقيد بالكارما؟ يا ربّ، تفضّل فاشرح لنا ذلك على وجهه؛ فإن سماع سيرة «أُتَّمَشْلُوكَ» يجلب السعادة والبركة لجميع العوالم.

yat-arthamfor what purpose
yat-artham:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyad + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव: yat-artham = yasya arthāya (for what purpose); used adverbially
adadhātassumed/put on
adadhāt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dhā (धातु)
FormLuṅ (लुङ्/Aorist), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
rūpama form
rūpam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular
mātsyamfish (as)
mātsyam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmātsya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; qualifying rūpam
loka-jugupsitamdespised by the world
loka-jugupsitam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootloka + jugupsita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √gup/√gups (धातु) + kta)
FormNeuter, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; तत्पुरुष: lokaiḥ jugupsitam (despised by the world)
tamaḥ-prakṛti-durmarṣamof dark nature, hard to bear
tamaḥ-prakṛti-durmarṣam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottamas + prakṛti + durmarṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; multi-member determinative qualifying rūpam: 'of dark nature, hard to endure'
karma-grastaḥas if seized by karma
karma-grastaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkarma + grasta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √gras (धातु) + kta)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; qualifying īśvaraḥ; तत्पुरुष: karmaṇā grastaḥ (seized by karma)
ivaas if
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormParticle of comparison (उपमावाचक-अव्यय)
īśvaraḥthe Lord
īśvaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootīśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular

Parīkṣit Mahārāja’s question to Śukadeva Gosvāmī was based on this principle stated by the Lord Himself in Bhagavad-gītā (4.7) :

M
Matsya
I
Ishvara (Supreme Lord)
P
Parikshit
S
Shukadeva Gosvami

FAQs

Parikshit asks this because the fish form seems worldly and low; the Bhagavatam explains that the Lord assumes any form to accomplish His divine purpose and protect creation and dharma.

The verse says “iva” (as if): the Lord only appears conditioned to enact His līlā, while remaining eternally beyond the modes and karma.

Do not measure divinity or devotion by outer form; learn to see purpose, humility, and God’s hand even in unexpected or socially disregarded appearances.