Sutra 20

Devanagari script

तस्यातिक्रम उत्तमो दण्डः कर्तुः कारयितुश्च कर्मणा व्यापादनेन च ॥ कZ_०४.८.२० ॥

Transliteration

tasyātikrama uttamo daṇḍaḥ kartuḥ kārayituś ca karmaṇā vyāpādanena ca

Translation

إن مخالفة ذلك القيد تستوجب أشدَّ العقوبات—على الفاعل وعلى من أمر أو تسبّب بالفعل؛ وتثبت المسؤولية كذلك عمّا ينجم أثناء الفعل من أذى أو وفاة.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of that / his / thereof
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम् (पुं/नपुं), सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक

• अतिक्रमः: transgression; violation
• Type: Noun
• Root: अति-क्रम्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग

• उत्तमः: highest; maximum
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; विशेषणम् (दण्डः इत्यस्य)

• दण्डः: punishment; penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग

• कर्तुः: of the doer; of the perpetrator
• Type: Noun (agent noun)
• Root: कर्तृ
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग

• कारयितुः: of the instigator; of the one who causes (it) to be done
• Type: Noun (causative agent noun)
• Root: कारयितृ (√कृ, णिच्)
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• कर्मणा: by the act; through the deed
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: तृतीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• व्यापादनेन: by killing; by causing death/destruction
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: व्यापादन
• Form: तृतीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• official/actor
• ordering authority
• protected-status persons

More Details

FAQs

What modern governance concept aligns with 4.8.20?

Command responsibility: both the executor and the superior who ordered the act are punishable, especially where abuse results in severe harm or death.