Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 67, Shloka 134

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

तान् न्दृष्टवानिर्धुतान्रामोदुष्टोऽयमितिराक्षसः ।।।।समुत्पपातवेगेनधनुरुत्तममाददे ।

Transliteration

tān dṛṣṭvā nirdhutān rāmo duṣṭo ’yam iti rākṣasaḥ | samutpapāta vegena dhanur uttamam ādade ||

Translation

Seeing them flung away, Rama judged, “This Rakshasa is cruel,” and sprang forward swiftly, taking up his finest bow.

Word by Word

• tān: them
• tān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्

• dṛṣṭavān: having seen
• dṛṣṭavān: Karta (कर्ता; participle agreeing with rāmaḥ)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (धातु) + kta-vat (कृत्)
• Form: क्तवत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past active participle); पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; कर्तरि प्रयोगः

• nirdhutān: shaken off
• nirdhutān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nir + √dhū (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP); पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (tān)

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• duṣṭaḥ: wicked
• duṣṭaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/predicative)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (ayam/rākṣasaḥ)

• ayam: this (one)
• ayam: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/predicative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/quotation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: इति-उक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• rākṣasaḥ: rakshasa
• rākṣasaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; (अत्र 'अयम् ... राक्षसः' इति बोध्यः)

• samutpapāta: sprang up/advanced
• samutpapāta: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ut + √pat (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्

• vegena: with speed
• vegena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vega (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• dhanuḥ: bow
• dhanuḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhanus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• uttamam: best
• uttamam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (dhanuḥ)

• ādade: took up
• ādade: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + √dā (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (Perfect), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्

Context

Seeing the Vanaras shaken, Rama went towards the Rakshasa instantly and took out his best bow.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Rakshasa
• Vanaras

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The protector’s duty: when allies are endangered, the righteous leader acts decisively to restrain wrongdoing.

What is the narrative situation?

After Kumbhakarna shakes off the Vanaras, Rama advances to engage him directly with his bow.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Protective resolve—swift intervention to defend those suffering harm.