Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 33

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

लिलिपुश्चपरार्ध्येनचन्दनेनपरन्तपम् ।।।।दिव्यैराश्वासयामामासुर्माल्यैर्गन्धैस्सुगन्धिभिः ।

Transliteration

lilipuś ca parārdhyena candanena parantapam |

divyaiḥ āśvāsayām āsuḥ mālyaiḥ gandhaiḥ sugandhibhiḥ ||6.60.33||

Translation

They anointed that mighty one with costly sandal-paste, and tried to rouse and refresh him with divine garlands and fragrant perfumes.

Word by Word

• लिलिपुः: smeared/anointed
• लिलिपुः: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: लिप् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• परार्ध्येन: with very precious/excellent
• परार्ध्येन: करणविशेषण (Instrument-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परार्ध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसक/पुं, तृतीया, एकवचन; चन्दनेन सह करणत्वे

• चन्दनेन: with sandal paste
• चन्दनेन: करण (Karana/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• परन्तपम्: the scorcher of foes (Kumbhakarna)
• परन्तपम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परन्तप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणरूपेण (कुम्भकर्णम्)

• दिव्यैः: with divine
• दिव्यैः: करणविशेषण (Instrument-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुं, तृतीया, बहुवचन; मालय-गन्धादीन् विशेषयति

• आश्वासयाम्: comfort/refreshment
• आश्वासयाम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आ-श्वस् (धातु) → आश्वास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘comfort/refreshment’ (कर्म)

• आमासुः: they provided
• आमासुः: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मा (धातु; माङ्)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; (आ + मा) ‘they gave/provided’

• माल्यैः: with garlands
• माल्यैः: करण (Karana/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माल्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• गन्धैः: with perfumes
• गन्धैः: करण (Karana/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• सुगन्धिभिः: fragrant
• सुगन्धिभिः: करणविशेषण (Instrument-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुगन्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुं, तृतीया, बहुवचन; माल्य-गन्धान् विशेषयति

Context

Again, they daubed Kumbhakarna with highly fragrant sandal paste to take in fragrance, with wonderful garlands and perfumes.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse shows how outward ritual and luxury can be used in service of adharma. Dharma teaching: external adornment is not purity; ethical intention and truth-aligned purpose matter most.

What is the narrative situation?

As part of awakening Kumbhakarṇa, attendants apply sandal paste and bring garlands and perfumes to invigorate him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The implied virtue is inner purity (śauca) over mere external decoration—an important dharmic distinction.