Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 42, Shloka 27

लङ्काप्राकारारोहणम् / Assault on Lanka’s Ramparts and the Opening Clash

Devanagari script

उत्तरंद्वारमासाद्यरामःसौमित्रिणासह ।आवृत्यबलवांस्तस्थौसुग्रीवश्चहरीश्वरः ।।।।

Transliteration

uttaraṃ dvāram āsādya rāmaḥ saumitriṇā saha |

āvṛtya balavāṃs tasthau sugrīvaś ca harīśvaraḥ ||

Translation

Reaching the northern gate, Rāma together with Saumitri (Lakṣmaṇa) stood firm to blockade it; and Sugrīva too—the lord of the Vānaras—held position there.

Word by Word

• उत्तरम्: northern
• उत्तरम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; द्वारम् इति विशेषण (northern)

• द्वारम्: gate
• द्वारम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आसाद्य: having reached
• आसाद्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ + सद् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त—ल्यप्/क्त्वा (gerund), अव्ययभाव (having reached/approached)

• रामः: Rama
• रामः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सौमित्रिणा: with Saumitr(i) (Lakshmana)
• सौमित्रिणा: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौमित्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन (Lakshmana)

• सह: together with
• सह: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: सहकारार्थक-अव्यय (preposition/adverb: together with)

• आवृत्य: having surrounded
• आवृत्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ + वृ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त—क्त्वा, अव्ययभाव

• बलवान्: mighty
• बलवान्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बलवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तस्थौ: stood / remained
• तस्थौ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु)
• Form: लिट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• हरीश्वरः: lord of the monkeys
• हरीश्वरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—हरीश्वरः = हरीणाम् ईश्वरः (lord of the monkeys)

Context

Reaching the north gate, Sri Rama along with Saumithri, blockading the gate stood Sugriva the Lord of monkeys.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa (Saumitri)
• Sugrīva
• Laṅkā
• Northern gate

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is protective leadership: Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa personally take the frontline position, modeling responsibility and truth-driven resolve rather than delegating all risk.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa, and Sugrīva occupy the northern gate, completing the strategic encirclement of Laṅkā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Netr̥tva (exemplary leadership) and rakṣā (protective guardianship) grounded in Satya and Dharma.