Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 22

समुद्रतट-प्रयाणम् तथा वेलावन-निवेशः

March to the Seacoast and Encampment at the Shore

Devanagari script

ते वानरगणास्सर्वे समुत्पत्य युयुत्सवः ।गुहाभ्यश्शिखरेभ्यश्च अशु पुप्लुविरे तदा ।।।।

Transliteration

te vānaragaṇāḥ sarve samutpatya yuyutsavaḥ | guhābhyaḥ śikharebhyaś ca aśu pupluvire tadā ||

Translation

Then all those troops of vānaras, eager to fight, sprang forth swiftly—from caves and from mountain-peaks—leaping into motion.

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• वानर-गणाः: vanara troops
• वानर-गणाः: Karta (कर्ता; apposition to ते)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक) + गण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; 'groups of vanaras'

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम्

• समुत्पत्य: having sprung up
• समुत्पत्य: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्-उत्-पत् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (Absolutive), अव्यय: 'having leapt up'

• युयुत्सवः: eager to fight
• युयुत्सवः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युयुत्सु (प्रातिपदिक; desiderative adjective from युध्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम्: 'युद्धं कर्तुमिच्छन्तः' (eager to fight)

• गुहाभ्यः: from caves
• गुहाभ्यः: Apadana (अपादान/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुहा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Ablative), बहुवचन

• शिखरेभ्यः: from peaks
• शिखरेभ्यः: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिखर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Ablative), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अशु: quickly
• अशु: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अशु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): quickly

• पुप्लुविरे: leapt/jumped
• पुप्लुविरे: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्लु (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; आत्मनेपदम्

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (temporal adverb: then)

Context

Then all the heroic monkeys who were eager for combat jumped down from the caves, mountain peaks and trees.

Characters & Entities

• vānaras
• caves
• mountain peaks

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma appears as readiness in service: when a righteous command is given, one responds promptly and wholeheartedly.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva’s orders take effect; the vānaras emerge and assemble rapidly for battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Enthusiastic commitment and courage among the vānaras.