Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 110, Shloka 39

रामरावणयोर्युद्धवैषम्यं तथा रावणशिरश्छेदनम्

Rama–Ravana Duel Intensifies; Ravana’s Heads Severed and Reappear

Devanagari script

दशरथसुतराक्षसेन्द्रयोर्जयमनवेक्ष्यरणे स राघवस्य ।सुरवररथसारथिर्महात्मारणरतराममुवाचवाक्यमाशु ।।।।

Transliteration

daśarathasuta-rākṣasendrayoḥ jayam anavekṣya raṇe sa rāghavasya | suravara-ratha-sārathir mahātmā raṇarata-rāmam uvāca vākyam āśu ||

Translation

Seeing the duel between Daśaratha’s son and the lord of the Rākṣasas, and wishing to behold Rāghava’s victory, the great charioteer of the gods’ king spoke swiftly to Rāma, who was intent on battle.

Word by Word

• दशरथसुतराक्षसेन्द्रयोः: of Dasharatha's son and the Rakshasa-king
• दशरथसुतराक्षसेन्द्रयोः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive: 'of')
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशरथ (प्रातिपदिक) + सुत (प्रातिपदिक) + राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक) + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समाहार-द्वन्द्व/इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (दशरथसुतः च राक्षसेन्द्रः च), द्विवचनस्य षष्ठी (6th/Genitive dual)

• जयम्: victory
• जयम्: कर्म (Object of anavekṣya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• अनवेक्ष्य: having looked for/awaited
• अनवेक्ष्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + अव + ईक्ष् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive), 'having observed/considered' (here: 'having looked for/awaited')

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: अधिकरण (Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• राघवस्य: of Raghava (Rama)
• राघवस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive: 'of')
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• सुरवररथसारथिः: the charioteer of the lord of gods (Indra)
• सुरवररथसारथिः: कर्ता (Appositional to saḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुरवर (प्रातिपदिक) + रथ (प्रातिपदिक) + सारथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (सुरवरस्य रथसारथिः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• महात्मा: the great-souled one
• महात्मा: कर्ता (Appositional)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणार्थे (epithet)

• रणरत: engaged in battle
• रणरत: कर्म-विशेषण (Qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रण (प्रातिपदिक) + रत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (रणे रतः), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रामम् विशेषयति

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: सम्प्रदान/कर्म (Addressee as object of speech)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• उवाच: said/spoke
• उवाच: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• वाक्यम्: words/speech
• वाक्यम्: कर्म (Object of uvāca)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• आशु: quickly
• आशु: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आशु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), शीघ्रार्थक (quickly)

Context

Fallen prey to anger for retreating the horses, the ten headed Ravana released pointed arrows on Raghava.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma (Daśarathasuta, Rāghava)
• Rāvaṇa (rākṣasendra)
• Mātali
• Indra (implied by suravara-ratha-sārathi)
• battlefield (raṇa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is supported by timely counsel: righteous victory is not only strength but also guidance (upadeśa) offered at the critical moment to uphold right order.

What is the narrative situation?

Mātali, Indra’s charioteer, observes the climactic duel and begins addressing Rāma to aid him toward victory.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hitopadeśa and vigilance—Mātali’s protective, strategic concern for the righteous outcome.