Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 107, Shloka 30

आदित्यहृदयम्

Aditya Hridayam Upadeśa — Agastya’s Instruction to Rāma

Devanagari script

आदित्यंप्रेक्ष्यजप्त्वातुपरंहर्षमवाप्तवान् ।त्रिराचम्यशुचिर्भूत्वाधनुरादायवीर्यवान् ।।6.107.29।।रावणंप्रेक्ष्यहृष्टात्मायुद्धार्थंसमुपागमत् ।सर्वयत्नेनमहतावधेतस्यधृतोऽभवत् ।।6.107.30।।

Transliteration

ādityaṃ prekṣya japtvā tu paraṃ harṣam avāptavān |

trir ācamya śucir bhūtvā dhanur ādāya vīryavān ||6.107.29||

rāvaṇaṃ prekṣya hṛṣṭātmā yuddhārthaṃ samupāgamat |

sarva-yatnena mahatā vadhe tasya dhṛto 'bhavat ||6.107.30||

Translation

Gazing upon the Sun and reciting (the hymn), the valiant Rāma was filled with supreme joy. Sipping water thrice and becoming purified, he took up his bow. Fixing his eyes on Rāvaṇa, exultant at heart, he advanced to fight—firmly resolved, with great and total effort, to bring about his death.

Word by Word

• ādityam: the Sun (Āditya)
• ādityam: Karma (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āditya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् (masculine; accusative; singular)

• prekṣya: having looked at
• prekṣya: Kriya-viseshana (prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √īkṣ (धातु) + preverb pra-; ल्यप्/क्त्वान्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: अव्ययकृदन्तम् (gerund/absolutive); कर्तरि प्रयोगः; पूर्वक्रिया (having looked)

• japtvā: having chanted
• japtvā: Kriya-viseshana (prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jap (धातु) + क्त्वा (कृदन्त)
• Form: अव्ययकृदन्तम् (gerund/absolutive); कर्तरि; पूर्वक्रिया (having muttered/chanted)

• tu: indeed/then
• tu: Sambandha/Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपातः/समुच्चयार्थ-भेदकः (particle; emphatic/contrastive)

• param: supreme/great
• param: Visheshana (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (neuter; accusative; singular; adjective)

• harṣam: joy, delight
• harṣam: Karma (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: harṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् (masculine; accusative; singular)

• avāptavān: obtained/attained
• avāptavān: Karta (agent)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-√āp (धातु) + क्तवत् (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्तवत्-प्रत्ययान्तः; पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; कर्तरि (past active participle used predicatively: 'obtained')

• triḥ: three times
• triḥ: Kriya-viseshana (adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: triḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; संख्यावाचक-क्रियाविशेषणम् (indeclinable numeral adverb)

• ācamya: having sipped (water)
• ācamya: Kriya-viseshana (prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√cam (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: अव्ययकृदन्तम् (gerund/absolutive); कर्तरि; पूर्वक्रिया (having sipped water/ācamana)

• śuciḥ: pure, clean
• śuciḥ: Karta (as predicate adjective of the agent)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śuci (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (masculine; nominative; singular; adjective)

• bhūtvā: having become
• bhūtvā: Kriya-viseshana (prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु) + क्त्वा (कृदन्त)
• Form: अव्ययकृदन्तम् (gerund/absolutive); कर्तरि; पूर्वक्रिया (having become)

• dhanuḥ: bow
• dhanuḥ: Karma (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhanus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् (neuter; accusative; singular)

• ādāya: having taken up
• ādāya: Kriya-viseshana (prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√dā (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: अव्ययकृदन्तम् (gerund/absolutive); कर्तरि; पूर्वक्रिया (having taken up)

• vīryavān: valiant, powerful
• vīryavān: Karta (agent; qualified)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vīrya-vat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (masculine; nominative; singular; adjective)

• rāvaṇam: Rāvaṇa
• rāvaṇam: Karma (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् (masculine; accusative; singular)

• prekṣya: having looked at
• prekṣya: Kriya-viseshana (prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √īkṣ (धातु) + preverb pra-; ल्यप्/क्त्वान्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: अव्ययकृदन्तम् (gerund/absolutive); कर्तरि; पूर्वक्रिया (having looked at)

• hṛṣṭātmā: with delighted heart
• hṛṣṭātmā: Karta (agent; qualified)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hṛṣṭa (√hṛṣ + क्त) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; विशेषणम्; कर्मधारयः (one whose self is delighted)

• yuddhārtham: for the sake of battle
• yuddhārtham: Prayojana (purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuddha (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; प्रयोजनार्थे (neuter; accusative; singular; purpose)

• samupāgamat: approached, advanced
• samupāgamat: Kriya (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-upa-√gam (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकारः (imperfect/past); प्रथमपुरुषः; एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम् (3rd person; singular; active)

• sarvayatnena: with all effort
• sarvayatnena: Karana (instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + yatna (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; तृतीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; करणार्थे (masculine; instrumental; singular; means)

• mahatā: great, mighty
• mahatā: Visheshana (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः/नपुंसकलिङ्गः; तृतीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (instrumental singular; adjective qualifying 'effort')

• vadhe: in killing / for the slaying
• vadhe: Adhikarana (locus/occasion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vadha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; सप्तमी-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् (masculine; locative; singular)

• tasya: of him (Rāvaṇa)
• tasya: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; षष्ठी-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् (pronoun; genitive; singular)

• dhṛtaḥ: determined, resolute
• dhṛtaḥ: Karta (predicate of agent)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √dhṛ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः; पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; भावे/कर्तरि विशेषणवत् (past participle used adjectivally: 'resolved/firm')

• abhavat: became
• abhavat: Kriya (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु) + abhi- (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लङ्-लकारः (imperfect/past); प्रथमपुरुषः; एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम् (3rd person; singular; active)

Context

"Rama! Listen to this sacred mantra, 'Aditya Hridayam' which can bring victory, which is eternal, very auspicious, and supremely blessed and prolongs life of all by means of which you will destroy all enemies, root out sins, remove anxiety and always bring victory.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Āditya (Sun)
• Rāvaṇa
• Bow (dhanuḥ)
• Āditya-hṛdaya

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is purposeful action after purification: devotion strengthens the mind, but the duty is completed through courageous, disciplined effort against wrongdoing.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma performs a brief purificatory act, recites the Sun hymn, then physically and mentally commits himself to the final confrontation with Rāvaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Determination (dhṛti) and focused courage—Rāma advances with unwavering intent to end adharma.