Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 13

प्रथमः सर्गः

Rama Praises Hanuman; Anxiety over Crossing the Ocean

Devanagari script

एष सर्वस्वभूते परिष्वङ्गो हनूमतः ।मया कालमिमं प्राप्य दत्तस्तस्य महात्मनः ।।।।

Transliteration

eṣa sarvasvabhūte pariṣvaṅgo hanūmataḥ |

mayā kālam imaṃ prāpya dattas tasya mahātmanaḥ ||

Translation

“This embrace is, as it were, everything I can offer to Hanumān. Having gained this moment, I give it to that great-souled one.”

Word by Word

• eṣaḥ: this
• eṣaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• sarvasva-bhūte: in (one who is) all-in-all
• sarvasva-bhūte: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarvasva (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūta (कृदन्त; भू धातु)
• Form: Compound adjective; Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); 'sarvasva-bhūta' = 'having become everything/being all-in-all'

• pariṣvaṅgaḥ: embrace
• pariṣvaṅgaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) / Predicate nominative
• Type: Noun
• Root: pariṣvaṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• hanūmataḥ: of Hanuman
• hanūmataḥ: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hanūmat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karta (कर्ता) (agent in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• kālam: time
• kālam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• imam: this
• imam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with kālam

• prāpya: having obtained
• prāpya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √prāp (धातु; प्राप्)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), 'having attained/obtained'

• dattaḥ: given
• dattaḥ: Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (धातु; दा)
• Form: Past passive participle (कृत; क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with pariṣvaṅgaḥ

• tasya: to him / of him
• tasya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान) (genitive of recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

• mahātmanaḥ: of the great-souled one
• mahātmanaḥ: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to tasya

Context

Having said so, Rama experienced the joy of love all over his body and embraced Hanuman who returned successful.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Hanumān

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is honoring virtue with sincere acknowledgment. When material repayment is inadequate, truthful affection and public honor become ethically meaningful offerings.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma, moved by Hanumān’s success, decides that an embrace—an intimate sign of esteem—is the best immediate gift.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s warmth and integrity: he expresses gratitude not as formality but as genuine recognition of Hanumān’s merit.