Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 44, Shloka 13

जम्बुमालिवधः

The Slaying of Jambumali

Devanagari script

भ्रामयन्तं कपिं दृष्ट्वा सालवृक्षं महाबलम्।चिक्षेप सुबहून्बाणान्जम्बुमाली महाबलः।।।।

Transliteration

bhrāmayantaṁ kapiṁ dṛṣṭvā sālavṛkṣaṁ mahābalam |

cikṣepa subahūn bāṇān jambumālī mahābalaḥ ||

Translation

Seeing the mighty monkey whirling the śāla tree, the powerful Jambumālī shot a great many arrows at him.

Word by Word

• भ्रामयन्तम्: whirling (it)
• भ्रामयन्तम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भ्रम् (धातु) → भ्रामयत् (णिच् causative present participle)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण of कपिम्

• कपिम्: the monkey
• कपिम्: Karma (कर्म/Object) of दृष्ट्वा
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive)

• साल-वृक्षम्: a sāla tree
• साल-वृक्षम्: Karma (कर्म/Object) (implied: being whirled)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साल (प्रातिपदिक) + वृक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषसमास (sāla-tree); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• महाबलम्: very strong/mighty
• महाबलम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाबल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारयसमास; पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण of सालवृक्षम्

• चिक्षेप: hurled
• चिक्षेप: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्षिप् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• सु-बहून्: very many
• सु-बहून्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण of बाणान्

• बाणान्: arrows
• बाणान्: Karma (कर्म/Object) of चिक्षेप
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• जम्बुमाली: Jambumālī
• जम्बुमाली: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जम्बुमालिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• महाबलः: mighty
• महाबलः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाबल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारयसमास; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of जम्बुमाली

Context

Gigantic Jambumali seeing the mighty Hanuman whirling the sala tree fired many arrows at him.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Jambumālī
• Śāla tree
• Arrows (bāṇa)
• Laṅkā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights the escalating clash between dharmic mission and adharmic defense; dharma requires steadfastness amid increasing opposition.

What is the narrative situation?

As Hanumān prepares to strike with a whirled tree, Jambumālī responds with a volley of arrows.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

For Hanumān, fearlessness under barrage; for the opponent, tactical aggression in battle.