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Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 42, Shloka 18

द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः (Sarga 42): Omens in Laṅkā, Report to Rāvaṇa, and the Kinkara Assault

जानकीरक्षणार्थं वा श्रमाद्वा नोपलभ्यते।अथवा कश्श्रमस्तस्य सैव तेनाभिरक्षिता।।5.42.18।।

jānakī-rakṣaṇārthaṃ vā śramād vā nopalabhyate | athavā kaḥ śramas tasya saiva tenābhirakṣitā ||5.42.18||

“We cannot tell whether he spared it to protect Jānakī, or whether it was from fatigue. Or else—what fatigue could there be for him? Surely she alone was spared by him for her protection.”

जानकी-रक्षण-अर्थम्for the purpose of protecting Janaki
जानकी-रक्षण-अर्थम्:
Prayojana/Hetu (प्रयोजन/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootजानकी (प्रातिपदिक) + रक्षण (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (जानक्याः रक्षणस्य अर्थम्)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle: 'or')
श्रमात्from fatigue; due to tiredness
श्रमात्:
Hetu/Apadana (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान), एकवचन; कारणार्थे (from/owing to fatigue)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
उपलभ्यतेis understood/ascertained
उपलभ्यते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउप-लभ् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive)
अथवाor else
अथवा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ + वा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (or else)
कःwhat?/which?
कः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम (interrogative pronoun)
श्रमःfatigue; exertion
श्रमः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तस्यof him
तस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
साshe
सा:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
एवindeed; alone
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle: 'indeed/only')
तेनby him
तेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), एकवचन
अभिरक्षिताprotected/guarded
अभिरक्षिता:
Kriya/Predicate (क्रिया/विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-रक्ष् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मणि-भावः (protected)

"He has spared the simsupa tree with lovely, tender leaves and flowers which is a chosen resort by Sita.

S
Sītā (Jānakī)
R
Rāvaṇa
V
vānarā (Hanumān)

FAQs

Protection of the vulnerable is central to dharma; the verse frames restraint not as weakness but as purposeful guardianship.

The rākṣasī-s interpret why Sītā’s area was not damaged, concluding it was deliberate protection rather than exhaustion.

Hanumān’s protective resolve and unwavering capability (implied tirelessness).