Ramayana — Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 57, Shloka 24

सम्पाति

अङ्गदसंवादः / Sampati and Angada: Genealogy, Jatayu, and the Search Vow

Devanagari script

मयस्य मायाविहितं तद्बिलं च विचिन्वताम्।।।।व्यतीतस्तत्र नो मासो यो राज्ञा समयः कृतः।

Transliteration

mayasya māyā-vihitaṃ tad bilaṃ ca vicinvatām | vyatītas tatra no māso yo rājñā samayaḥ kṛtaḥ ||

Translation

While we were exploring that cave fashioned by Māyā (the architect) through magic, the month—set by the king as our deadline—elapsed there for us.

Word by Word

• मयस्य: of Maya
• मयस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• मायाविहितम्: constructed by magic
• मायाविहितम्: कर्म (Karma/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: माया-विहित (प्रातिपदिक; माया + विहित)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (instrumental sense: 'made by magic'); बिलम् विशेषयति; विहित = √धा (धातु) PPP

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्म (Karma/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; बिलम् विशेषयति

• बिलम्: cave
• बिलम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• विचिन्वताम्: while searching
• विचिन्वताम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Circumstantial/Genitive absolute-like)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चि (धातु) → वि + चि → विचिन्वत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: वर्तमानकर्तरि कृदन्त (Present Active Participle), षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘विचिन्वताम्’ = 'while (we) were searching' (genitive absolute/participant genitive)

• व्यतीतः: passed / elapsed
• व्यतीतः: क्रियापद (Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अति + इ (धातु) → व्यतीत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकर्तरि कृदन्त (Past Active Participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; मासः विशेषयति

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक (there)

• नः: for us / our
• नः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/चतुर्थी-रूप (Genitive/Dative enclitic), बहुवचन; अत्र षष्ठ्यर्थे (for us/our)

• मासः: a month
• मासः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• यः: which
• यः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject of relative clause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धे (relative pronoun)

• राज्ञा: by the king
• राज्ञा: करण (Karaṇa/Agent in passive/nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• समयः: time limit / agreement
• समयः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• कृतः: was made / fixed
• कृतः: क्रियापद (Predicate/qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (Past Passive Participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समयः विशेषयति

Context

On hearing the words that came from Angada's mouth, the sharpbeaked, loudvoiced vulture (Sampati) said:

Characters & Entities

• Māyā (architect/demon artisan)
• Sugrīva (implied as king who fixed the time)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes accountability to agreed commitments (samaya). Missing a deadline in service to a righteous cause is treated seriously, demanding honest reckoning.

What is the narrative situation?

Angada explains that time was lost inside a wondrous cave, and the one-month period set by their king expired.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Truthful self-reporting of failure to meet an obligation, rather than concealing the lapse.